Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Nitrogen Fixing Endophytic Bacteria Supplementation on Soil Fertility, N Uptake, Growth, and Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Cultivated on Alluvial Soil in Dykes

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the proper combination of nitrogen (N) fertilizer level and nitrogen fixing endophytic bacteria (NFEB) supplementation for the maximum grain yield of sesame cultivated in alluvial soil in dykes. The experiment followed a completely randomized block design with two factors. The first one was the levels of N fertilizer used, including 0, 50, 75, and 100% N of recommended fertilizer formula (RFF), and the other consisted of no bacteria applied, an individual strain of Enterobacter cloacae ASD-48 or E. cloacae ASD-21 applied, and their mixture, with 5 replicates. The results revealed that fertilizing with 100% N of RFF led to an enhancement of the plant height (16.8 cm), the chlorophyll a and b and their total content (6.45, 1.86, and 8.30 μg mL−1), the number of capsules per plant (7.22 capsules plant−1), the total N uptake (126.5 mg N pot−1), and the grain yield (9.08 g pot−1), in comparison to no N fertilizer applied. Supplementation of two NFRB strains enhanced the soilconcentrations of NH4+ and NO3−, the total N uptake, and the grain yield. The treatment fertilized with 75% N of RFF plus an individual NFEB strain or their bacterial mixture had equivalent total N uptake to that the treatment fertilized with 100% N of RFF had, 120.8–125.5 mg N pot−1 compared to 124.4 mg N pot−1. Regarding the sesame yield, with a reduction by 25–50% N of RFF plus ASD-48 and ASD-21, either individually or in mixture, it increased by 2.39–8.56%, compared to that in the treatment fertilized with 100% N of RFF.

Effect of Non-Native Endophytic Bacteria on Oat (Avena sativa L.) Growth

“…The capacity of endophytic infection to influence the host growth is dependent on nitrogen levels [48,53,54].Ravel et al [45] and Lewis [55] reported the advantages of endophyte infection at a low nitrogen rate. In sesame, a higher yield was obtained when treated with endophytic bacteria at 25-50% lower fertilization compared to treatment with 100% nitrogen fertilization [56]. However, Cheplick et al [57] reported a significant increase in biomass with endophyte inoculation at intermediate and high nutrient levels but not with low nutrient application [57].…”

Increase of in-dyke alluvial soil fertility, growth and yield of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) by potent <i>Rhodopseudomonas palustris</i> strains

“…The bacterial density was calculated according to the Most Probable Number (MPN) method for PNSB (Harada et al, 2005). The preparation was according to the method used in the study by Thuc et al (2022) with some modifications. In particular, the maize grains were sterilized with 70% ethanol and 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 3 and 10 min, respectively.…”

Improvement of Nutrient Uptake, Yield of Black Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), and Alluvial Soil Fertility in Dyke by Spent Rice Straw from Mushroom Cultivation as Biofertilizer Containing Potent Strains of Rhodopseudomonas palustris

“…For instance, the application of organic fertilizers and biofertilizers was able to improve the sesame yield, soil fertility, and seed oil quality with higher contents of oleic, stearic, and palmitic acids, but lower contents of linolenic and linoleic acids [14]. Interestingly, the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) processing nitrogen (N) fxing ability and phosphorous (P) solubilization as a biofertilizer could reduce the chemical fertilizer input for sesame [15][16][17] and enhance its N and P uptake [18,19].…”