Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, cutting frequency, and companion legume on herbage production and quality of four grasses

Fairey, N. A.

doi:10.4141/cjps91-105

Cited by 12 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…McCaughey and Simons (1996) showed that in some cases under the four-cut system meadow bromegrass was higher in herbage yield than smooth bromegrass. Fairey (1991) observed that herbage yield of smooth bromegrass was reduced more by frequent cutting (four-cuts) than meadow bromegrass in pure stands or with companion legumes. The relatively poor yield of meadow bromegrass compared with smooth bromegrass on the richer soil at Melfort was unexpected based on the general view that meadow bromegrass is less drought tolerant than smooth bromegrass.…”

Section: Comparison Of Harvest Systemsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Harvest systems for hay (two-cut) and pasture (four-cut), as well as plant ground cover determined by cross-transect, have been used to evaluate forage cultivars for yield and growth persistence (Fairey 1991;McCartney and Bittman 1994;McCaughey and Simons 1996). Good stand establishment of cultivars in rows or in solid stands usually will improve productivity.…”

Section: Comparison Of Harvest Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four-cut harvest systems have been used to simulate grazing to evaluate forage species for pasture (Lawrence 1978;Fairey 1991). The persistence of forage species in pasture stands has been evaluated using the mob-grazing technique (Mislevy et al 1982;McCartney and Bittman 1994).…”

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The influence of harvest management and fertilizers on herbage yields of cool-season grasses grown in the Aspen Parkland of northeastern Saskatchewan

Bittman¹,

McCartney²,

Horton³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2000. The influence of harvest management and fertilizers on herbage yields of cool-season grasses grown in the Aspen Parkland of northeastern Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80: 747-753. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of harvest and fertilizer management on the herbage yield of various grass cultivars grown in the Aspen Parkland region of northeastern Saskatchewan. A series of three experiments were set out: site 1 at Pathlow, Gray Luvisolic soil, 1980; site 2 at Melfort, Deep Black Chernozemic soil, 1979; and site 3 at Pathlow, 1986. At site 1, the design was a split-split plot with fertilizer treatments as mainplots (unfertilized and fertilized, initially with 11N-22P kg ha -1 incorporated 5 cm into soil and thereafter, 50N-13P kg ha -1 broadcast each year). Ten grass cultivars were seeded as subplots and harvest systems as subsubplots (two-cut and four-cut). At site 2 Melfort, the experimental design was similar to site 1, but without the fertilizer treatments. Fertilizer was applied to all plots at the same rates as site 1. At site 3, Pathlow, 14 grass cultivars were seeded with the same experimental design as site 2, but 10 kg S ha -1 was applied each year with the N and P fertilizer. At site 1 Pathlow, the only experiment with the unfertilized control, fertilizer increased the average herbage yield to 2.47 t ha -1 from 1.42 t ha -1 for unfertilized control plots. Frequent cutting (four-cut system) showed reduced annual yields of 1.70, 5.28 and 1.93 t ha -1 compared with 2.19, 7.08, and 2.87 t ha -1 (two-cut system), respectively, for sites 1, 2 (5-yr period) and 3 (7-yr period). A greater response to fertilizer was observed with the 2-cut system, 1.19 t ha -1 , than with the four-cut system, 0.91 t ha -1 , which resulted in a fertilizer × cutting management interaction at site 1. With some exceptions, most of the species were not significantly different in ranking based on herbage yield over the three test sites, but meadow bromegrass [Bromus biebersteinii (Roem & Schult.)] ranked higher in yield on the less fertile Pathlow Gray Wooded soil sites than on the more fertile Melfort Deep Black soil site. Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) ranked high in herbage yield at all three sites. Crested wheatgrass, smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and meadow bromegrass, the most commonly grown species in Saskatchewan, yielded well under the simulated hay and pasture conditions. . À l'emplacement 1, le protocole expérimental était disposé en parcelles bi-divisées, les traitements de fumure formant les grandes parcelles : sans fumure ou fumure de départ de 11 kg N/22 kg P ha -1 en incorporation et 50 kg N-3 kg P ha -1 à la volée chaque année par la suite. Dix cultivars de graminées constituaient les sous-parcelles et les régimes d'exploitation (2 ou 4 coupes) les parcelles du second degré. À l'emplacement 2, l'expérience était disposée en parcelles divisées simples, un seul régime de fumure étant appliqué à toutes les parcelles aux mêmes doses qu'à l'emplacement 1. L'emplacement 3, ...

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Section: Comparison Of Harvest Systemsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Comparison Of Harvest Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of harvest management and fertilizers on herbage yields of cool-season grasses grown in the Aspen Parkland of northeastern Saskatchewan

Bittman¹,

McCartney²,

Horton³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…The yield response by forage grasses to application of N and other nutrients in the Aspen Parkland region of the northern Great Plains has been demonstrated in several studies (Nuttall 1980(Nuttall , 1985Mahli et al 1986;Ukrainetz and Cambell 1988;Ukrainetz et al 1988;Fairey 1991;Nuttall et al 1991;Simons 1996, 1998;Bittman et al 1997). Many of these reports relate to the response of grasses harvested for hay.…”

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confidence: 90%

The influence of harvest management and fertilizer application on seasonal yield, crude protein concentration and N offtake of grasses in northeast Saskatchewan

McCartney¹,

Bittman²,

Nuttall³

2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2004. The influence of harvest management and fertilizer application on seasonal yield, crude protein concentration and N offtake of grasses in northeast Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: 205-212. The goal of pasture management is to match quantity and quality of herbage to the requirement of the grazing animal. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of harvest management and fertilizer application on annual and seasonal production, protein concentration and N-offtake by eight grass species adapted to the central Aspen Parkland. In this 3-yr splitsplit-plot experiment, grasses were either fertilized annually (50 and 13 kg ha -1 of N and P, respectively) or left unfertilized, and cut either twice annually (two-cut) in early July and late September, or three to four times annually (multi-cut) . Fertilizer increased yield of the two-cut treatment 15% (P < 0.05) more than the multi-cut treatment. On average, the multi-cut treatment had 32% higher protein concentration than the two-cut treatment throughout the season. Fertilizer significantly increased protein concentration only in the first harvest of the multi-cut clipped plots, probably because the application rate was low. Nitrogen offtake of the multi-cut treatment averaged 24% higher than the two-cut treatment, even though the latter yielded more. Meadow bromegrass showed the most uniform seasonal distribution of yield among the high-yielding grasses under all management systems while smooth bromegrass and crested wheatgrass were generally the poorest. Crested wheatgrass had significantly more first cut production than all other grasses. Meadow bromegrass herbage also had the lowest protein concentrations throughout the growing season among the high producing grasses. Since the protein concentrations were generally higher than required by grazing beef cattle, the meadow bromegrass herbage was the most suitable for this class of cattle. Green needlegrass also showed potential for use in pastures. . Les engrais augmentent le rendement du régime à double coupe de 15 % (P < 0,05) comparativement à celui du régime à coupe multiple. En moyenne, le régime à coupe multiple produit 32 % de protéines de plus que celui à coupe double durant la période végétative. Les amendements n'augmentent sensiblement la concentration de protéines qu'à la première récolte, sur les parcelles faisant l'objet d'une coupe multiple, sans doute à cause du faible taux d'application. Les parcelles à coupe multiple donnent en moyenne 24 % plus d'azote que celles qu'on récolte deux fois, malgré le rendement supérieur de ces dernières. Le brome des prés avait le rendement saisonnier le plus uniformément réparti des graminées à haut rendement, sans égard au système de gestion, alors que le brome inerme et l'agropyre à crête avaient généralement le rendement le plus mal réparti. L'agropyre à crête donne 205

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“…Previous work on N fertilizer effects on biomass and annual N extraction from soil has shown that more total N is harvested with biomass at high cutting frequencies than at lower ones (Burton et al 1963;Fairey 1991;Madakadze et al 1999;Zhang et al 1995). Long-term, frequent cutting leads to a high density of leaf tillers rich in N, whereas low cutting frequency favors grass species that produce more stems at lower density for the same amount of biomass per unit ground area (Dahl and Hyder 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved estimation of nitrogen uptake in grasslands using the nitrogen dilution curve

Reyes

Schellberg

Siebert

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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The nitrogen (N) dilution curve is a useful tool for farmers to assess the effectiveness of fertilizer application. The N dilution curve describes the decrease in plant N as biomass increases. This concept has not yet been tested for its applicability and robustness under different cutting regimes in grasslands. We conducted a principal components analysis on biomass yield and N concentration data to discern relationships among experimental, climatic, and management factors. Next, two N dilution curve parameters were calibrated for different cutting frequencies. We compared N uptake using four different methods utilizing calibrated N dilution curves, a reference curve, and different cutting regimes representing different physiological ages of the crops at cutting. Our results show that excluding cutting frequency information overestimates values of N uptake. Calibration of the N dilution curve according to cutting frequency improves N uptake estimates relative to observed values. Therefore, N uptake is better estimated using both the N dilution curve and the cutting regime information.

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Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, cutting frequency, and companion legume on herbage production and quality of four grasses

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

The influence of harvest management and fertilizers on herbage yields of cool-season grasses grown in the Aspen Parkland of northeastern Saskatchewan

The influence of harvest management and fertilizers on herbage yields of cool-season grasses grown in the Aspen Parkland of northeastern Saskatchewan

The influence of harvest management and fertilizer application on seasonal yield, crude protein concentration and N offtake of grasses in northeast Saskatchewan

Improved estimation of nitrogen uptake in grasslands using the nitrogen dilution curve

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