Effects of Nitrogen Gas Pressure on the Solidification Parameters and As-cast Microstructure Revolution during Pressurized Electroslag Remelting AISI 304 Stainless Steel

Yu, Jinling; Liu, Fubin; Li, Huabing; Kang, Congpeng; Zhang, Wenchao; Wang, Ao; Geng, Xueyu

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2019-203

ISIJ Int.

2020

DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2019-203

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Effects of Nitrogen Gas Pressure on the Solidification Parameters and As-cast Microstructure Revolution during Pressurized Electroslag Remelting AISI 304 Stainless Steel

Jinling Yu

Fubin Liu

Huabing Li

et al.

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Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

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A Perspective on Powder Metallurgy and Additive Manufacturing of High‐Nitrogen Alloyed Stainless Steels

Becker,

Radtke,

Lentz

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Incorporating nitrogen as an alloying element in stainless steels can significantly enhance their mechanical and chemical properties. However, the limited solubility of nitrogen, particularly in the liquid phase, presents challenges. This perspective article explores an innovative powder metallurgical approach to producing high‐nitrogen steels (HNS) by utilizing a mixture of stainless steel and Si3N4. This mixture undergoes hot isostatic pressing (HIP) followed by direct quenching, facilitating diffusion alloying, and solution annealing in a single step. The article also examines adapting this method to powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF‐LB/M) to overcome nitrogen solubility limits, which currently constrain the achievable nitrogen content in PBF‐LB/M‐manufactured stainless steels. The approach aims to retain Si3N4 particles within the matrix during PBF‐LB/M to enrich the steel with nitrogen during subsequent HIP. However, laser interaction with Si3N4 can lead to nitrogen loss, prompting an alternative strategy: a shell–core structure based on a gas‐tight shell enclosing loose Si3N4 particles. These particles dissolve during HIP, enriching the matrix with nitrogen and enabling the production of HNS. This article highlights the potential for extending this approach to other stainless steel groups, broadening the possibilities for HNS production through both conventional HIP and PBF‐LB/M manufacturing routes.

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A Perspective on Powder Metallurgy and Additive Manufacturing of High‐Nitrogen Alloyed Stainless Steels

Becker,

Radtke,

Lentz

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Investigation of Sulfur Influence on the Atomization of Stainless Steels

Bartzsch,

Scherbring,

Richter

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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In this study, the alloying of stainless steels with various sulfur contents is investigated to obtain steel powders with significantly reduced mean diameters without changing the operational parameters of the atomizing unit. The steels are produced in a VIM12 furnace and atomized on a VIGA‐1B setup with high‐pressure argon. The desired reduction in the mean diameter is attributed to the decrease in surface tension with increasing sulfur content, which is in good agreement with previous findings. A transition from a positive to a negative thermal gradient of the surface tension is observed, along with a shift to higher temperatures with increasing sulphur concentration. In addition, the chemical assessment of the powders reveals a lower evaporation of manganese and a reduced increase in nitrogen content with increasing sulfur content. The sphericity and flowability are not affected by the addition of sulfur. Viscosity and density measurements are also conducted to characterize the steels thoroughly. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the presence of manganese sulfide, which was submicron in size and well distributed. Iron sulfides, mostly attributed to hot shortness, were not observed, which was also confirmed by thermodynamic modeling using Thermo‐Calc software.

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Effects of Pressure on Nitrogen Content and Solidification Structure during Pressurized Electroslag Remelting Process with Composite Electrode

Suo,

Liu,

Kang

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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The nitrogen content and solidification structure of the 1Mn18Cr18N ingots produced by the customized laboratory‐scale vacuum induction melting furnace and the pressure electroslag remelting furnace (PESR) with novel composite electrode under different pressure and the same power consumption are compared and studied. The results show that there are perfectly uniform radial chromium and nitrogen profiles during the PESR process. The nitrogen uptake reaction in the PESR process with composite electrode takes place on the liquid metal film on the electrode. Nitrogen uptake could be improved by increasing the nitrogen partial pressure. In addition, the basin depth at a pressure of 0.1 and 1.22 MPa is about 41 and 38 mm, the angle of the grains with respect to the vertical axis is 35° and 31°, respectively. The flat metal basin profile resulted from the thermal resistance at the slag–mold interface decreasing with increasing pressure. Primary and secondary dendritic arm spacing (PDAS and SDAS) variations exhibit an increasing and subsequently decreasing the trend as they move further away from the center in a horizontal direction. Both PDAS and SDAS decrease with increasing pressure from 0.1 to 1.22 MPa.

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Effects of Nitrogen Gas Pressure on the Solidification Parameters and As-cast Microstructure Revolution during Pressurized Electroslag Remelting AISI 304 Stainless Steel

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

A Perspective on Powder Metallurgy and Additive Manufacturing of High‐Nitrogen Alloyed Stainless Steels

A Perspective on Powder Metallurgy and Additive Manufacturing of High‐Nitrogen Alloyed Stainless Steels

Investigation of Sulfur Influence on the Atomization of Stainless Steels

Effects of Pressure on Nitrogen Content and Solidification Structure during Pressurized Electroslag Remelting Process with Composite Electrode

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