Effects of Nitrogen Nutrition on Leaf Expansion and Photosynthesis of Trifolium subterraneum L. 1. Comparison between Different Levels of Nitrogen Supply

Bouma, D

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084446

Cited by 37 publications

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confidence: 55%

“…Watson (26,27) concluded that N deficiency limits growth primarily by limiting the rate of leaf area increase, rather than the rate of dry matter accumulation per unit leaf area. This conclusion is supported by numerous studies using both growth analysis and direct measurements of photosynthesis (1,8,9,19).Much of this effect on leaf area can be ascribed to effects on cell expansion rather than cell division (18, 21), but there are no reports which might suggest an explanation. Cell growth is commonly described by the relationship (11): …”

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confidence: 84%

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Control of Leaf Expansion by Nitrogen Nutrition in Sunflower Plants

Radin

Boyer²

1982

Plant Physiol.

216

100

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follows:Nitrogen nutrition strongly affected the growth rate of young sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaves. When plants were grown from seed on either of two levels of N availability, a 33% decrease in tissue N of expanding leaves was associated with a 75% overall inhibition of leaf growth. Almost all of the growth inhibition resulted from a depression of the daytime growth rate. Measurements of pressure-induced water flux through roots showed that N deficiency decreased root hydraulic conductivity by about half. Thus, N deficiency lowered the steady-state water potential of expanding leaves during the daytime when transpiration was occurring. As a result, N-deficient leaves were unable to maintain adequate turgor for growth in the daytime. N deficiency also decreased the hydraulic conductivity for water movement into expanding leaf cells in the absence of transpiration, but growth inhibition at night was much less than in the daytime. N nutrition had no detectable effects on plastic extensibility or the threshold turgor for growth.where Jg is water flux associated with growth (cm3 s-'), Wis water content of the leaf under study (cm3), and k (=dW/dl, cm2) is an empirically determined coefficient. The water uptake associated with growth can also be described by the transport equation: A major consequence of N deficiency in plants is a decreased growth rate. Watson (26,27) concluded that N deficiency limits growth primarily by limiting the rate of leaf area increase, rather than the rate of dry matter accumulation per unit leaf area. This conclusion is supported by numerous studies using both growth analysis and direct measurements of photosynthesis (1,8,9,19).Much of this effect on leaf area can be ascribed to effects on cell expansion rather than cell division (18, 21), but there are no reports which might suggest an explanation. Cell growth is commonly described by the relationship (11):

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confidence: 55%

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confidence: 84%

Control of Leaf Expansion by Nitrogen Nutrition in Sunflower Plants

Radin

Boyer²

1982

Plant Physiol.

216

100

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“…A, seasonal NAR, and whole plant biomass increased with COj enrichment. Leaf carbohydrate concentration increased at low fertility in both CO2 treatments, indicating a greater negative effect of N availability on leaf growth than on A (Bouma, 1970). This suggests that stimulation of A by elevated CO2 will have few mitigating effects on leaf growth reductions due to low N.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Carbohydrate accumulation in source leaves is typical of plants grown at elevated CO,, (Arp, 1991;WuUschleger, Norby & Hendrix, 1992) as -well as in those grown at low N levels (Bouma, 1970). In either environment, increased TNC results from an increase in source relative to sink strength, and may be a signal through which photosynthetic rate is downregulated in response to this imbalance (Stitt, 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

Interacting effects of soil fertility and atmospheric CO₂ on leaf area growth and carbon gain physiology in Populus×euramericana (Dode) Guinier

et al. 1995

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SUMMARYTwo important proeesses whieh may limit produetivity gains in forest eeosystems with rising atmospheric CO, are reduction in photosynthetie capacity following prolonged exposure to high CO, and diminution of positive growth responses when soil nutrients, particularly N, are limiting. To exan-iine the interacting effects of soil fertility and CO^ enrichment on photosynthesis and growth in trees we grew hybrid poplar {Populus x euramericana) for 158 d in the field at ambient and twice ambient CO,^ and in soil with low or high N availability. We measured the timing and rate of eanopy development, the seasonal dynamies of leaf level photosynthetie capacity, respiration, and N and carbohydrate concentration, and final above-and belowground dry weight.Single leaf net CO,^ assimilation (A) increased at elevated CO,, over the majority of the growing season in both fertility treatments. At high fertility, the maximum size of individual leaves, total leaf number, and seasonal leaf area duration (LAD) also increased at elevated CO,, leading to a 49 % increase in total dry weight. In contrast, at low fertility leaf area growth was unaffeeted by COj treatment. Total dry weight nonetheless increased 25 % due to COg effeets on A. Photosynthetic capacity (A at constant internal p(CO,2), (C,)) was reduced in high CO,, plants after 100 d growth at low fertility and 135 d growth at high fertility. Analysis of A responses to changing C, indicated that this negative adjustment of photosynthesis was due to a reduetion in the maximum rate of CO fixation by Rubisco. Maximum rate of electron transport and phosphate regeneration capacity were either unaffected or declined at elevated CO,. Carbon dioxide effects on leaf respiration were most pronounced at high fertility, with increased respiration mid-season and no change (area basis) or reduced (mass basis) respiration lateseason in elevated compared to ambient CO, plants. This temporal variation correlated with changes in leaf N concentration and leaf mass per area. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering both structural and physiological pathways of net C gain in predicting tree responses to rising CO, under conditions of suboptimal soil fertility.

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“…The effect is seen as lower C0 2 uptake per unit leaf area (Bouma 1970) and per chlorophyll basis (Bottrill et al 1970). PS II activity increases while PS I activity shows a smaller change as counted on a chlorophyll basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Factors in Chloroplast Differentiation

Sundqvist

Björn

Virgin

1980

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation

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Effects of Nitrogen Nutrition on Leaf Expansion and Photosynthesis of Trifolium subterraneum L. 1. Comparison between Different Levels of Nitrogen Supply

Cited by 37 publications

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Control of Leaf Expansion by Nitrogen Nutrition in Sunflower Plants

Control of Leaf Expansion by Nitrogen Nutrition in Sunflower Plants

Interacting effects of soil fertility and atmospheric CO₂ on leaf area growth and carbon gain physiology in Populus×euramericana (Dode) Guinier

Factors in Chloroplast Differentiation

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Effects of Nitrogen Nutrition on Leaf Expansion and Photosynthesis of Trifolium subterraneum L. 1. Comparison between Different Levels of Nitrogen Supply

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Control of Leaf Expansion by Nitrogen Nutrition in Sunflower Plants

Control of Leaf Expansion by Nitrogen Nutrition in Sunflower Plants

Interacting effects of soil fertility and atmospheric CO2 on leaf area growth and carbon gain physiology in Populus×euramericana (Dode) Guinier

Factors in Chloroplast Differentiation

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Interacting effects of soil fertility and atmospheric CO₂ on leaf area growth and carbon gain physiology in Populus×euramericana (Dode) Guinier