Effects of nitrogen with and without acidified sulphur on an ectomycorrhizal community in a Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Bong. Carr) forest

Carfrae, J. A.; Skene, Keith R.; Sheppard, Lucy J.; Ingleby, K.; Crossley, A.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.020

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Lilleskov et al (2002b) also noted that EMF taxa can differ in response to N deposition. A similar result was found by Carfrae et al (2006), who demonstrated that after a 3-year nitrogen, sulphur and acidity treatment, N deposition suppressed the appearance of EM fungi, producing larger sporocarps in young plantations (Carfrae et al 2006). There were generally fewer sporocarps and lower EMF sporocarp diversity under the N treatment plots, while the number of mycorhizal root tips was greatest.…”

Section: Nitrogen Surplussupporting

confidence: 77%

“…For instance, Nara et al (2003a, b) found that the species composition of the underground EMF community corresponded closely with that of the sporocarp community in an early primary volcanic desert on Mont Fuji. Similarities in above and below-ground sampling results were also found in some well-studied taxa, such as Paxillus involutus (Laiho 1970), Suillus grevillei (Zhou et al 2001), Hebeloma cylindrosporum (Guidot et al 2002), Russula species (Avis et al 2003;Matsuda and Hijii 2004;Palmer et al 2009), Suillus pictus (Hirose et al 2004;Kikuchi and Futai 2003), Pisolithus microcarpus (Ducousso et al 2004), Tylospora fibrillosa (Carfrae et al 2006), Tricholoma matsutake (Lian et al 2006) and four hypogeous genera (Luoma et al 1997cf: Valentine et al 2004). These studies have found considerable overlap between the spatial distribution and the biomass of genets of sporocarps and those of mycelium or mycorrhizas on the fine roots on the same site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ecological studies of ectomycorrhizal fungi: an analysis of survey methods

Tóth

Barta

2010

Fungal Diversity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, by reviewing ecological studies of ectomycorrhizal fungi where both fruiting bodies and mycorrhizal root tips were simultaneously surveyed, we investigate whether the diversity data obtained by the two methods leads to similar conclusions about the underlying ecological processes of interest. Despite discrepancies in identifying species, we found that both survey methods identified similar responses by ectomycorrhizal fungal communities to experimental manipulations, successional changes and environmental disturbances (exceptions are short-term or low-level disturbances). By analysing the results of the reviewed studies, we found a positive relationship to exist between fungal species richness and (i) the host plant age and (ii) the number of putative host plant species, independently of the applied survey method. Of the methodological variables, only the number of soil samples (for the below-ground approach) and the duration of the study (for the above-ground approach) have a significant effect on the EMF species richness, with species richness increasing with both. Our investigation also shows that in 73% of the reviewed studies (27 out of 37) a greater species richness was found by fruiting body surveys than by methods based on sampling of the root tips. Based on these findings, we argue for the continuation of fruiting body surveys in order to gain rapid and still valuable information on ecosystems over a wide spatial and temporal range and strongly recommend their use in long-term ecosystem monitoring projects.

show abstract

Section: Nitrogen Surplussupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Ecological studies of ectomycorrhizal fungi: an analysis of survey methods

Tóth

Barta

2010

Fungal Diversity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The effect of sulfur deposition on ectomycorrhizal communities has not received much attention (Cairney and Meharg 1999). The studies that do exist are inconclusive but seem to indicate no SO 2 effect (review see Cairney and Meharg 1999;Carfrae et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Belowground ectomycorrhizal communities in three Norway spruce stands with different degrees of decline in the Czech Republic

Peter

Ayer

Cudlín³

et al. 2008

Mycorrhiza

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated the ectomycorrhizal communities on the roots of adult trees and seedlings associated with three Norway spruce stands in the Czech Republic using morphological and molecular tools. The stands had different degrees of forest decline due to air pollution. The aims of the study were to obtain information about the belowground ectomycorrhizal community in a heavily damaged spruce forest and to assess whether missing ectomycorrhizal fungal partners could be one of the reasons for the observed lack of regeneration. The ectomycorrhizal species richness on the roots of adult trees was significantly lower in the heavily damaged site Mumlavska hora than in the other two, but less drastically so than that found in a fruitbody survey. The roots of adult trees and seedlings were fully mycorrhizal at this site although they were less species-rich. The most abundant ectomycorrhizal species on the root system of adult trees in all three forest stands was Tylospora fibrillosa, a member of the athelioid clade. It made up over 60% of root tips in Mumlavska hora and its proportion was at least twice that in the other two sites. This species was also an efficient colonizer of roots from seedlings, in particular, in the most damaged site. The different soil properties in this site may have caused the observed differences in the ectomycorrhizal species richness and composition. For example, cation exchange capacity and soil base saturation were lower and the soil more often saturated. However, the number of living trees and their defoliation status may well directly impact the ectomycorrhizal species composition by presumably affecting the amount of carbon delivered to the symbiotic fungal partners. Athelioids and thelephoroids are an important component of the belowground ectomycorrhizal community in most temperate and boreal forests, but the role they play might even be more crucial in stressed forest ecosystems. Based on our results, we suggest that factors other than missing ectomycorrhizal inoculum constrain natural regeneration in the heavily damaged site Mumlavska hora.

show abstract

“…Release of N r to the atmosphere has resulted in elevated deposition of N to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, altering the N cycle at regional and global scales (Vitousek et al, 1997;Galloway et al, 2003). Excess N deposition is a potentially serious threat to biodiversity of many groups of organisms, including diversity of plants (Strengbom et al, 2002;Nordin et al, 2006;Clark & Tilman, 2008), microorganisms (Frey et al, 2004;Carfrae et al, 2006) and animals (Throop & Lerdau, 2004;Xu et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of experimental nitrogen additions on plant diversity in an old‐growth tropical forest

Gilliam

et al. 2010

Global Change Biology

253

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Response of plant biodiversity to increased availability of nitrogen (N) has been investigated in temperate and boreal forests, which are typically N-limited, but little is known in tropical forests. We examined the effects of artificial N additions on plant diversity (species richness, density and cover) of the understory layer in an N saturated old-growth tropical forest in southern China to test the following hypothesis: N additions decrease plant diversity in N saturated tropical forests primarily from N-mediated changes in soil properties. Experimental additions of N were administered at the following levels from July 2003 to July 2008: no addition (Control); 50 kg N ha À1 yr À1 (Low-N); 100 kg N ha À1 yr À1 (Medium-N), and 150 kg N ha À1 yr À1 (High-N). Results showed that no understory species exhibited positive growth response to any level of N addition during the study period. Although low-to-medium levels of N addition ( 100 kg N ha À1 yr À1 ) generally did not alter plant diversity through time, high levels of N addition significantly reduced species diversity. This decrease was most closely related to declines within tree seedling and fern functional groups, as well as to significant increases in soil acidity and Al mobility, and decreases in Ca availability and fine-root biomass. This mechanism for loss of biodiversity provides sharp contrast to competitionbased mechanisms suggested in studies of understory communities in other forests. Our results suggest that high-N additions can decrease plant diversity in tropical forests, but that this response may vary with rate of N addition.

show abstract

Effects of nitrogen with and without acidified sulphur on an ectomycorrhizal community in a Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Bong. Carr) forest

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Ecological studies of ectomycorrhizal fungi: an analysis of survey methods

Ecological studies of ectomycorrhizal fungi: an analysis of survey methods

Belowground ectomycorrhizal communities in three Norway spruce stands with different degrees of decline in the Czech Republic

Effects of experimental nitrogen additions on plant diversity in an old‐growth tropical forest

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About