Effects of NO2 on the lungs of aging rats

Evans, Michael J.; Cabral‐Anderson, Linda J.; Freeman, Gustave

doi:10.1016/0014-4800(77)90007-7

Cited by 51 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The reparative process may, in fact, start early during exposure. In alveoli, damaged epithelial cells are shed and are replaced by other cells, mainly type II cells [67,69,75,114]. In bronchioles, Clara cells divide and differentiate into ciliated cells [67,69,70,75,115].…”

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recovery occurs more promptly in major bronchi than in terminal bronchioles, so the particular sensitivity of terminal bronchioles to oxidant gases may be explained by a lower reparative ability at this site of the airways [71]. Most of the early alterations which occur as a result of the exposure to 10-20 ppm NO 2 are likely to recover totally after the cessation of exposure [70,114].…”

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After repair of the injury, animals can become tolerant to further continuous exposure of a similar entity to the previous one [12,114]. Furthermore, in continued exposure, a reduced level of inflammation has been observed after the first week [75,86].…”

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of oxidant air pollutants on the respiratory system: insights from experimental animal research

Chitano¹,

Hosselet²,

Mapp³

et al. 1995

Eur Respir J

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present paper, we have reviewed experimental animal studies on the effects of the two most important oxidant airborne pollutants, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, on the respiratory system.The toxic effects depend on concentration and length of exposure, and are generally similar for both oxidants, with ozone operative at lower concentrations. High doses of both oxidants cause death due to lung oedema Exposure to sublethal levels causes functional alterations such as airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness to bronchoconstrictor stimuli. These effects, which are generally reversible, are associated with epithelial injury, oedema and airway and parenchymal infiltration by inflammatory cells. Loss of cilia of airway epithelium and necrosis of type I alveolar epithelial cells are the most prominent consequences at the epithelial level. Inmation is characterized by early neutrophilic infiltration, followed by an increased number of mononuclear cells, predominantly alveolar macrophages.After long-term exposure, whilst nitrogen dioxide causes predominantly emphysema, ozone produces mainly pulmonary fibrosis. Biochemical effects include lipid peroxidation, increased antioxidant metabolism, and alteration of enzyme activity. Nitrogen dioxide and ozone may also alter the immunological response and reduce the defence against infections, increasing the susceptibility of exposed animals to infections.

show abstract

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of oxidant air pollutants on the respiratory system: insights from experimental animal research

Chitano¹,

Hosselet²,

Mapp³

et al. 1995

Eur Respir J

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Type II cell has been studied in detail and is known to have a variety of important biological functions. Type II cells synthesize, secrete, and recycle pulmonary surfactant (Wright and Dobbs 1991) and are important for alveolar repair after lung injury (Adamson and Bowden 1974;Evans et al 1977), as progenitors of both Type I and Type II cells.The lack of specific biochemical markers for Type I and Type II cells has impeded the study of alveolar epithelial development, differentiation, and the response to injury. Over the past several years, we have developed biochemical and molecular probes for integral membrane proteins specific to the apical plasma membrane of rat Type I or Type II cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HTI₅₆, an Integral Membrane Protein Specific to Human Alveolar Type I Cells

Dobbs

Gonzalez

Allen

et al. 1999

J Histochem Cytochem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe alveolar epithelium is composed of two morphologically distinct types of cells, Type I and Type II cells. The thin cytoplasmic extensions of Type I cells cover more than 95% of the internal surface area of the lungs. Type I cells provide the very short diffusion pathway essential for gas exchange. Because there were no biochemical markers specific for human Type I cells, we developed a strategy to produce a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for human Type I cells. Isolated human lung cells were used as immunogens; Ͼ5000 clones from seven fusions were screened to identify an MAb specific for a 56-kD protein of Type I cells, HTI 56 . By Western blotting, HTI 56 is unique to the lung. By immunoelectron microscopy, it is localized to the Type I cell apical plasma membrane. The pI of HTI 56 is 2.5-3.5. HTI 56 is glycosylated and has the biochemical characteristics of an integral membrane protein. HTI 56 is detectable by Week 20 of gestation and its expression increases in fetal lung explant culture. HTI 56 should be useful as a marker for human Type I cells both morphologically and biochemically. It may also be useful in studies of disease and as a marker for lung injury. In mammals, the development and maintenance of a normal alveolar epithelium are essential for life. The extremely large alveolar epithelial surface area of the human lung (100-150 M 2 ) is composed of only two morphologically distinct types of cells, Type I and Type II cells. These epithelial cells have been characterized morphologically by their location within the lung and by their unique ultrastructural characteristics. Type I cells are large, with calculated volumes of ‫0003ف‬ m 3 /cell and diameters of 50-100 m (Stone et al. 1992). Each Type I cell forms very thin (~50 nm) cytoplasmic sheets which extend from the nucleus to cover the surface of one or more alveoli. Type I cells are believed to play an important role in lung function because they cover more than 95% of the alveolar surface, providing the very thin barrier between the air and blood compartments critical for efficient gas exchange. Recently, we have shown that rat Type I cells have the highest osmotic water permeability of any known mammalian cell ). On the basis of these data, the Type I cell probably plays an important role in regulating water transport between the airspace and the vasculature of the lung. Type II cells, which cover the remainder of the alveolar surface, are cuboidal cells approximately 10 m in diameter. The Type II cell has been studied in detail and is known to have a variety of important biological functions. Type II cells synthesize, secrete, and recycle pulmonary surfactant (Wright and Dobbs 1991) and are important for alveolar repair after lung injury (Adamson and Bowden 1974;Evans et al. 1977), as progenitors of both Type I and Type II cells.The lack of specific biochemical markers for Type I and Type II cells has impeded the study of alveolar epithelial development, differentiation, and the response to injury. Over the past several years, we ...

show abstract

Stickstoffdioxid [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2003]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe Gesundheitsschädliche Arbeitsstoffe , 37. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2003 Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel: Allgemeiner Wirkungscharakter Wirkungsmechanismus Toxikokinetik und Metabolismus Erfahrungen beim Menschen Einmalige Exposition Wiederholte Exposition Wirkung auf Haut und Schleimhäute Allergene Wirkung Reproduktionstoxizität Genotoxizität Kanzerogenität Tierexperimentelle Befunde und In‐vitro‐Untersuchungen Akute Toxizität Subakute, subchronische und chronische Toxizität Wirkung auf Haut und Schleimhäute Allergene Wirkung Reproduktionstoxizität Genotoxizität Kanzerogenität Bewertung

show abstract

Effects of NO2 on the lungs of aging rats

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of oxidant air pollutants on the respiratory system: insights from experimental animal research

Effect of oxidant air pollutants on the respiratory system: insights from experimental animal research

HTI₅₆, an Integral Membrane Protein Specific to Human Alveolar Type I Cells

Stickstoffdioxid [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2003]

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effects of NO2 on the lungs of aging rats

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of oxidant air pollutants on the respiratory system: insights from experimental animal research

Effect of oxidant air pollutants on the respiratory system: insights from experimental animal research

HTI56, an Integral Membrane Protein Specific to Human Alveolar Type I Cells

Stickstoffdioxid [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2003]

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

HTI₅₆, an Integral Membrane Protein Specific to Human Alveolar Type I Cells