“…In recent years, various methods of protective coating [8,9], corrosion inhibitor [10,11], aging process [12,13], mechanical alloying [14], laser treatment [15,16], micro-arc oxidation [17], phosphating process [18], and friction stir welding [19,20] have been reported to enhance the corrosion resistance of Al alloys. However, some coating protection processes with heavy metal ions are bad for environment.…”