Effects of non-peptide angiotensin II-receptor antagonists on pentylenetetrazol kindling in mice

Ang II and Ang IV: Unraveling the Mechanism of Action on Synaptic Plasticity, Memory, and Epilepsy

“…Ang IV had antiepileptogenic effects during pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling in mice [14], which shares a common mechanism with electrical kindling [237]. Furthermore, both Ang II and Ang IV suppressed seizures in PTZ‐kindled mice [13,238–240]. This supports the notion that both peptides may share common effects on neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity in brain areas involved in seizure susceptibility.…”

“…Ang II reduced seizure intensity in mice kindled by repeated i.p. injections of PTZ and suppressed the progression of kindling induced by repeated PTZ administration [238–240]. These anticonvulsive and antiepileptogenic effects were typically observed when 1 nmol Ang II was administered 15 min before PTZ treatment.…”

Angiotensin peptides modulatory system: how is it implicated in the control of seizure susceptibility?

“…Thus, i.c.v. administration of ANG II increases the threshold of pentylenetetrazol-(PTZ), bicuculline-and picrotoxin-induced seizures in mice (Georgiev and Kambourova, 1983) and decreases the intensity of seizures induced by systemic administration of PTZ and 3-mercaptopropionic acid as well as seizures of PTZ-induced kindling in mice (Georgiev et al, 1995(Georgiev et al, , 1996b). An ANG II analogue, the sarmesin in which the tyrosine hydroxyl group in (Sar 1 ) ANG II is methylated /Sar 1 , Tyr(Met 4 ) (Matsoukas et al, 1985) behaves as a partial agonist of angiotensin receptors and also exerts neuroprotection in different seizure models.…”

Antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective effects of losartan in kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy

“…Although AT 1 receptors are mostly localized in the anterior pituitary, hypothalamus and circumventricular organs (CVOs), they are also expressed in areas that control brain excitability, including the piriform cortex, hippocampus, lateral geniculate, caudate putamen, amygdala and septum (reviewed in: Wright et al, 2008). The selective AT 1 receptor antagonists were reported to attenuate the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling in mice (Georgiev et al, 1996), potentiate the anticonvulsant effect of valproate in mice (Łukawski et al, 2010) and decrease the seizure severity in epileptic rats (Pereira et al, 2010). Both experimental and clinical studies suggest that АТ 1 receptors might be an interesting target for treatment of TLE.…”