“…Many modern physics puzzles, such as the nature of dark matter and dark energy, the strong‐CP problem, or the hierarchy problem, may be explained by beyond standard model theories predicting the existence of such new bosons. The examples include axions, familons, majorons, new spin‐0 or spin‐1 gravitons, Kaluza–Klein zero modes in string theory, paraphotons, and new bosons . Despite the different nature of all these particles and the reasons the corresponding models were proposed, interactions they carry may be described within one, general framework introduced by Moody and Wilczek and expanded by Dobrescu and Mocioiu .…”