“…Compared to other aquatic models, limited number of studies have been conducted on the effects of nonylphenolic compounds in amphibians, and available data have mainly focused on oestrogen-mediated effects such as survival, malformations, growth, development and metamorphic progression (Mann and Bidwell, 2000;Bevan et al, 2003;Sone et al, 2004;Christensen et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2005;Park et al, 2010), gonadal differentiation (Kloas et al, 1999;Mosconi et al, 2002;Mackenzie et al, 2003;Porter et al, 2011), induction of vitellogenin (Kang et al, 2006;Porter et al, 2011;Mosconi et al, 2002) or other markers (Mann and Bidwell, 2001;Mosconi et al, 2002;Bevan et al, 2003;Lee et al, 2010;Feng et al, 2011;Capaldo et al, 2012). However, other mechanisms that do not involve hormone-like pathways (Laurenzana et al, 2002;Watanabe et al, 2004) may be responsible for NPEs/NPs toxicity; besides estrogenic effects, nonylphenolic compounds may induce organ toxicity, particularly in liver and gonads (Kaptaner and Ünal, 2011).…”