Effects of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) Resin on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

Sipponen, Arno; Peltola, Rainer; Jokinen, Jukka; Laitinen, Kirsi; Lohi, Jouni; Rautio, Merja; Männistö, Minna K.; Sipponen, P; Lounatmaa, Kari

doi:10.1080/01913120902889138

Cited by 32 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Positive cultures in swab cultures taken on clinical grounds at follow-up visits were more infrequent than in those taken at study entry. Both treatment agents applied in present study are known to be antiseptics in vitro against a broad spectrum of microbes [6][7][8][9]. Control of infection is one of the key issues in successful wound care in general [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salve is a 10% (w/w) mixture of resin ("wood rosin") in a standard salve base. The salve is highly antiseptic (microbicidal) in in vitro tests [6][7][8].…”

Section: Treatment Agents and Wound Care In The Treatment Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abilar ® 10% Resin Salve is a newer topical antiseptic ulcer agent in formulation of salve, and shows effectiveness in treatment of pressure wounds and complicated surgical wounds [4,5]. Despite different formulation, both are antiseptics, and the microbicidal mechanisms of agents, solution and salve, are likely similar in that they both are thought to work via unspecific destruction of the microbial cell wall and cell membrane [6][7][8][9]. They may also enhance skin regrowth and regeneration [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Healing of Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulcers of PEDIS Grade 1-2 at Home Care with Topical Antiseptics: An Observational Follow-Up Investigation

Korzon-Burakowska¹,

Przeździak²,

Orłowska-Kunikowska³

et al. 2017

J Clin Exp Dermatol Res

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Objective: This observational and clinical prospective follow-up study examined the healing of ordinary diabetic foot ulcers at home-care setting with two commercially available topical antiseptics, one in formulation as a solution and the other one as a salve. Method:The study population consisted of 35 consecutive adult outpatients with diabetic foot ulcers that were classified as grades 1-2 by using the PEDIS (Perfusion, Extent, Depth, Infection and Sensation) classification system. The patients were treated by two commercial antiseptics (Abilar ® 10% Resin Salve or Octenidine ® solution) and followed-up by a specialized clinic with four follow-up visits during a treatment period of 145 days on average. All patients performed the wound care at home after instructions from the clinic.Results: At study entry, the mean ulcer area was 221 mm 2 (median 140 mm 2 , interquartile range: 73-320 mm 2 ) in the salve group and 277 mm 2 (median 132 mm 2 , interquartile range: 50-365 mm 2 ) in the solution group. In intentto-treat (ITT) analysis of the whole study population of 35 patients, the ulcers healed totally in 14 (37%; 95% CI 24-56%), and in 9 of 19 patients (47%; 95% CI: 25%-77%) and in 5 of 16 patients (31%; 95% CI: 9%-54%) in the resin salve and Octenidine solution groups, respectively (P>0.05). The infected ulcer with small median size showed an insignificant trend to heal better than the other ulcers. The number of positive bacterial cultures from ulcers (bacteria of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species in great majority of cases), taken on clinical grounds if infection was suspected, was lower in follow-up visits than at study entry. No side effects were observed. Conclusion:Treatment of diabetic foot ulcers of PEDIS grade 1-2 at home-care with topical antiseptics is an option that results in complete healing of ulcer in more than one third of cases in a 145-day treatment period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salve is a 10% (w/w) mixture of resin ("wood rosin") in a standard salve base. The salve is highly antiseptic (microbicidal) in in vitro tests [6][7][8].…”

Section: Treatment Agents and Wound Care In The Treatment Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Healing of Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulcers of PEDIS Grade 1-2 at Home Care with Topical Antiseptics: An Observational Follow-Up Investigation

Korzon-Burakowska¹,

Przeździak²,

Orłowska-Kunikowska³

et al. 2017

J Clin Exp Dermatol Res

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“…2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] As a result of this comprehensive translational research program, we have succeeded in showing through basic, clinical, and applied research that resin treatment in wound care is feasible and clinically effective. As far as we know, our research work regarding the medical use of spruce resin and its clinical applications in modern medicine are pioneering and globally unique.…”

Section: Translational Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Resin is a strong inhibitor of interleukin 1-beta, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the inflammation process, and the anti-inflammatory potential of components of resin is even superior to that of 0.5 lM dexamethasone (MD Biosciences, Inc., Glasgow, UK). Resin salve is a promising treatment option in infected or noninfected, acute or chronic, surgical or nonsurgical wounds and pressure ulcers.…”

Section: Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Refined Spruce Resin to Treat Chronic Wounds: Rebirth of an Old Folkloristic Therapy

Jokinen

Sipponen

2016

Advances in Wound Care

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Significance: The treatment of chronic wounds results in an enormous drain on healthcare resources in terms of workload, costs, frustration, and impaired quality of life, and it presents a clinical challenge for physicians worldwide. Effective local treatment of a chronic wound has an important role, particularly in patients who are-because of their poor general condition, diminished life expectancy, or unacceptable operative risk-outside of surgical treatment. Recent Advances: Since 2002, our multidisciplinary research group has investigated the properties of Norway spruce (Picea abies) resin in wound healing and its therapeutic applications in wound care. Resin is a complex mixture of resin acids (e.g., abietic, neoabietic, dehydroabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandrakopimaric, and palustric acids) and lignans (e.g., pino-, larici-, matairesinol, and p-hydroxycinnamic acid) having substantial antimicrobial, wound-healing, and skin regeneration enhancing properties. Critical Issues: The cornerstone in successful wound care is an efficient causal treatment of the underlying co-morbidities, for example, diabetes, malnutrition, vascular-or certain systemic diseases. However, definitive diagnosis and specific therapy of a chronic wound is often difficult, because the etiology is practically always multi-factorial, and in the chronic phase, confounding factors such as infections invariably impede wound healing. Future Directions: To study the exact molecular mechanism of actions by which resin promotes cellular regeneration and epithelialization during the wound-healing process. To investigate potential antimicrobial properties of resin against the most ominous multidrug-resistant beta-lactamase (including carbapenemases and metallo-b-lactamases) producing bacteria, and to individualize those pharmacologically active compounds which are responsible for the antimicrobial activity of resin. SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCEAlthough at least 170 topical wound care products are available, 1,2 well-designed randomized and controlled clinical trials regarding wound care products are rare, and the number of case-control or observational studies is limited. [3][4][5] It is estimated that the care of chronic wounds in the United States costs 6-15 billion U.S. dollars annually. 6 The annual wound care costs in Denmark, a country with similar demographics to that of Finland, are estimated to be around 100 million euros.7 From the perspective of patients, community, and health-care resources, a new, safe, clinically-and cost-effective method for the treatment of chronic wounds would be undoubtedly welcome. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCEOur multidisciplinary research group in Finland has investigated the properties of Norway spruce (Picea abies) resin in the treatment of acute-and chronic-, either infected or noninfected, wounds for more than 10 years now. 2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] As a result of this comprehensive translational research program, we have succeeded in showing through basic, clinical, and applied research...

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In vitro fungistatic effects of natural coniferous resin from Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Rautio

Sipponen

Lohi

et al. 2011

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Resins (rosin, pitch) are natural products of the coniferous trees and are antimicrobial against a wide range of microbes. The antifungal effectiveness of resin, purified from Norway spruce (Picea abies), was studied against human pathogenic fungi and yeasts with the agar plate diffusion tests and electron microscopy (EM). The fungistatic effect of these resin mixtures (resin salves) was tested against a set of Candida yeasts, dermatophytes, and opportunistic fungi. Transmission and scanning EM was done from samples of fungi (Trichophyton mentagrophytes). In agar diffusion tests, the resin was strongly antifungal against all dermatophytes tested, e.g., against all fungi of the genus Trichophyton, but it was not antifungal against the Candida yeasts or against the opportunistic fungi tested. According to EM, resin caused damages in the cell hyphae and cell wall structures. We conclude that, in the agar plate diffusion test, coniferous resins are strongly fungistatic against the dermatophytic fungi only.

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Effects of Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Resin on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane ofStaphylococcus aureus

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

Healing of Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulcers of PEDIS Grade 1-2 at Home Care with Topical Antiseptics: An Observational Follow-Up Investigation

Healing of Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulcers of PEDIS Grade 1-2 at Home Care with Topical Antiseptics: An Observational Follow-Up Investigation

Refined Spruce Resin to Treat Chronic Wounds: Rebirth of an Old Folkloristic Therapy

In vitro fungistatic effects of natural coniferous resin from Norway spruce (Picea abies)

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