Effects of nozzle temperature and building orientation on mechanical properties and microstructure of PEEK and PEI printed by 3D-FDM

Ding, Shouling; Zou, Bin; Wang, Peng; Ding, Hongjian

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.105948

Cited by 254 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These differences appear to originate from differences in the printing parameters. Comparison between the study conducted by Ding et al [96] with Yang et al [88] shows that nozzle diameter and layer thickness are the same, but printing speed and filling direction were different. It can be concluded that lower printing speed (20 mm/s as compared to 40 mm/s) leads to much higher density and tensile strength.…”

Section: Nozzle Temperaturementioning

confidence: 78%

“…It is likely that at these temperatures, the molten filament causes the previous layer to partially melt, thereby increasing the adhesion between layers. Ding et al [96] reported a different trend for mechanical properties of PEEK, as shown in Table 5, where a decrease in tensile strength in temperatures between 360-380 °C was reported. Furthermore, the values of tensile strength reported by Ding et al [96] were higher than those reported by other authors [84,88].…”

Section: Nozzle Temperaturementioning

confidence: 96%

“…PEEK showed the highest impact strength at an optimal temperature of 390 • C [96]. Although interlaminar bonding was stronger at higher temperatures, it appeared that a specific layered structure created in the printing of PEEK at 390 • C could release impact energy more efficiently.…”

Section: Nozzle Temperaturementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Presence of interlayer gaps could be the main reason for the inferior behaviour of these samples in tensile testing, as illustrated in SEM micrographs (Figure 11). For the samples processed at 420 • C, there is no stratification on the fracture surface, and interlaminar bonding reaches its maximum [96]. It is likely that at these temperatures, the molten filament causes the previous layer to partially melt, thereby increasing the adhesion between layers.…”

Section: Nozzle Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the results, a temperature range of 400-430 • C was suggested by the authors for additive manufacturing of PEEK. To address the possibility of degradation of PEEK during FFF 3D printing, Ding et al [96] printed PEEK at 420 • C and then compared the FT-IR spectra of PEEK filament and the final part. The printed sample showed the PEEK's characteristic absorption peaks (C = O at 1651 cm −1 , -O-at 1186 cm −1 , and C-O at 1224 cm −1 ) with same intensity, so they concluded that there was no thermal decomposition in printing of PEEK at this temperature.…”

Section: Thermal and Irradiation Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Fused Filament Fabrication of PEEK: A Review of Process-Structure-Property Relationships

et al. 2020

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Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is a high-performance engineering thermoplastic polymer with potential for use in a variety of metal replacement applications due to its high strength to weight ratio. This combination of properties makes it an ideal material for use in the production of bespoke replacement parts for out-of-earth manufacturing purposes, in particular on the International Space Station (ISS). Additive manufacturing (AM) may be employed for the production of these parts, as it has enabled new fabrication pathways for articles with complex design considerations. However, AM of PEEK via fused filament fabrication (FFF) encounters significant challenges, mostly stemming from the semi crystalline nature of PEEK and its associated high melting temperature. This makes PEEK highly susceptible to changes in processing conditions which leads to a large reported variation in the literature on the final performance of PEEK. This has limited the adaption of FFF printing of PEEK in space applications where quality assurance and reproducibility are paramount. In recent years, several research studies have examined the effect of printing parameters on the performance of the 3D-printed PEEK parts. The aim of the current review is to provide comprehensive information in relation to the process-structure-property relationships in FFF 3D-printing of PEEK to provide a clear baseline to the research community and assesses its potential for space applications, including out-of-earth manufacturing.

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Section: Nozzle Temperaturementioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Nozzle Temperaturementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Nozzle Temperaturementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Nozzle Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal and Irradiation Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fused Filament Fabrication of PEEK: A Review of Process-Structure-Property Relationships

et al. 2020

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Polymers for Additive Manufacturing

Xiao

Tey

et al. 2022

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, has seen exponential growth in the past two decades, with more new techniques emerging and new materials available. AM was first established as an efficient technology for prototyping about four decades ago. Today, it is widely used in a variety of industries, including healthcare, automotive, aerospace, defense, and so on. Whilst AM is a general term, it consists of multiple drastically different techniques that need different forms of feedstock materials and processing conditions. This article reviews the current prevailing AM technology for polymers with a brief history, and then a focus on technological details, available materials, and the latest development for each method. The challenges and trends of AM toward next‐generation advanced manufacturing are also highlighted.

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Polymeric Materials for Additive Manufacturing

Weyhrich

Scott

Williams

et al. 2022

Macromolecular Engineering

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Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a promising technology to produce complex shapes with little waste material in a distributed fashion. AM can be implemented with various materials, but metal and polymer are dominant feedstocks. During the deposition process for polymeric AM, the polymer may encounter repetitive softening or melting, applied shear flow including multiple constrictions, cooling and solidification, solvent evaporation, polymerization and crosslinking, or coalescence across interfaces. This leads to the need to invoke polymer science principles to rationally predict the response of the polymeric feedstock to the shear fields, thermal gradients, and reaction fronts that they will encounter in the complex 3D printing process. Elucidating the fate of the macromolecules as they experience the 3D printing process provides a foundation to design new materials that are formulated to bias the formation of robust structures and interfaces. As such, polymers in AM offer a unique opportunity to apply polymer science principles to address shortcomings, offer potential solutions, and advance the technology. This article provides a focused discussion of how polymer science principles drive the growth of three common polymeric AM techniques, fused filament fabrication, direct‐ink write, and vat polymerization.

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Effects of nozzle temperature and building orientation on mechanical properties and microstructure of PEEK and PEI printed by 3D-FDM

Cited by 254 publications

References 18 publications

Fused Filament Fabrication of PEEK: A Review of Process-Structure-Property Relationships

Fused Filament Fabrication of PEEK: A Review of Process-Structure-Property Relationships

Polymers for Additive Manufacturing

Polymeric Materials for Additive Manufacturing

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