Effects of Nucleators on the Thermodynamic Properties of Seasonal Energy Storage Materials Based on Ionic Liquids

Bai, Liguang; Li, Xuemei; Zhu, Jing; Chen, Biaohua

doi:10.1021/ef101753m

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Now-a-days, they are being studied for their use in the fields of thermal energy storage, solar power plant (Wu et al 2001), solar cell (Fan et al 2010) and heat transfer fluids (Valkenburg et al 2005). Nucleating agents such as copper and graphite powder have been used for releasing the stored energy from super cooled ionic liquids (Bai et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion exchange synthesis and thermal characteristics of some $\left[ \rm{\mathbf{N}}_{{2222}}^{{+}} \right]$ based ionic liquids

Bhatt

Gohil

2013

Bull Mater Sci

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Eight salts were obtained by reacting tetraethylammonium cation N + 2222 with inorganic anions like BF − 4 , NO − 3 , NO − 2 , SCN − , BrO − 3 , IO − 3 , PF − 6 and HCO − 3 using ion exchange method. These ionic liquids (ILs) were characterized using thermal methods, infrared spectroscopy and densitometry. Thermophysical properties such as density, coefficient of volume expansion, heat of fusion, heat capacity and thermal energy storage capacity were determined. Thermal conductivity of the samples was determined both in solid and liquid phases. Owing to high values of thermal energy storage capacity coupled with handsome liquid phase thermal conductivity, ILs under investigation were recommended as materials for thermal energy storage (TES) as well as heat transfer applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion exchange synthesis and thermal characteristics of some $\left[ \rm{\mathbf{N}}_{{2222}}^{{+}} \right]$ based ionic liquids

Bhatt

Gohil

2013

Bull Mater Sci

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“…5 As a class, ILs are molten salts with a melting point below 100 o C and can have a liquidus range approaching 400 o C, and in several cases freezing points being below 0 o C. 6 Due to the lack of an appreciable vapor pressure, volatilization of an IL is not possible at atmospheric pressure, 5 which would lead to a simplification of the design if used as a thermal fluid and for energy storage materials. 7 Though the lack of a vapor pressure does not make the use of ILs a better HTF, the lack of a vapor pressure is a compliment to their higher heat capacity, higher volummetric density, and thus higher volumetric heat capacity. 8 These favorable physical properties give ILs a pontential advantage over the current commerically used thermal fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Nanoparticle-Enhanced Ionic Liquids (NEILs) as Advanced Heat-Transfer Fluids

2011

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803-507-8560 RECEIVED DATEKEYWORDS. Nanoparticle enhanced ionic liquid, heat transfer fluid, concentrating solar power, 1-Butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, nanofluid INTRODUCTIONInterest in capturing the energy of the sun is rising as demands for renewable energy sources increase. One area of developing research is the use of concentrating solar power (CSP), where the solar energy is concentrated by using mirrors to direct the sunlight towards a collector filled with a heat transfer fluid (HTF). 1 The HTF transfers the collected energy into pressurized steam, which is used to generate energy. The greater the energy collected by the HTF, the more efficent the electrical energy production is, thus the overall efficiency is controlled by the thermal fluid. Commercial HTFs such as Therminol ® (VP-1), which is a blend of biphenyl and diphenyl oxide, 2 have a significant vapor pressure, especially at elevated temperatures. 1 In order for these volatile compounds to be used in CSP systems, the system either has to be engineered to prevent the phase change (i.e., volatilization and condensation) through pressurization of the system, or operate across the phase change. 3 Over thirty years ago, a class of low-melting organic compounds were developed with negligible vapor pressure. 4 These compounds are referred to as ionic liquids (ILs), which are organic-based compounds with discrete charges that cause a significant decrease in their vapor pressure. 5 As a class, ILs are molten salts with a melting point below 100 o C and can have a liquidus range approaching 400 o C, and in several cases freezing points being below 0 o C. 6 Due to the lack of an appreciable vapor 1 pressure, volatilization of an IL is not possible at atmospheric pressure, 5 which would lead to a simplification of the design if used as a thermal fluid and for energy storage materials. 7 Though the lack of a vapor pressure does not make the use of ILs a better HTF, the lack of a vapor pressure is a compliment to their higher heat capacity, higher volummetric density, and thus higher volumetric heat capacity. 8 These favorable physical properties give ILs a pontential advantage over the current commerically used thermal fluids. Also within the past decade nanofluids have gained attention for thermal conductivity enhancment of fluids 9 , but little analysis has been completed on the heat capacity effects of the nanoparticle addition.The idea of ILs or nanofluids as a HTF is not new, as there are several references that have proposed the idea. 8, 10 However, the use of ionic liquid nanofluids containing nanomaterials other than carbon nanotubes has never before been studied. Here, for the first time, nano-particle enhanced ILs (NEILs) have been shown to increase the heat capacity of the IL with no adverse side effects to the ILs' thermal stability and, only at high nanoparticle loading, are the IL physical properties affected. An increase of volumetric heat capacity translates into a better heat transfer fluid as more energy i...

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“…This shows that the liquid crystal phase of 9 has a good stability on cooling, therefore, it might be a potential phase-change, energy-storage material. [25] The DSC curves of 10 and 11 are similar to that of 9. In the heating process of complex 10, the melting point T m (Cr-LC) and the clearing point T c (LC-L iso ) were found at 51and 118 8C, respectively.…”

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confidence: 66%

Water‐Free Rare‐Earth‐Metal Ionic Liquids/Ionic Liquid Crystals Based on Hexanitratolanthanate(III) Anion

Tang

et al. 2013

Chemistry A European J

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The hexanitratolanthanate anion (La(NO(3))(6)(3-)) is an interesting symmetric anion suitable to construct the component of water-free rare-earth-metal ionic liquids. The syntheses and structural characterization of eleven lanthanum nitrate complexes, [C(n)mim](3)[La(NO(3))(6)] (n=1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18), including 1,3-dimethylimidazolium hexanitratolanthanate ([C(1)mim](3)[La(NO(3))(6)], 1), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexanitratolanthanate ([C(2)mim](3)[La(NO(3))(6)], 2), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexanitratolanthanate ([C(4)mim](3)[La(NO(3))(6)], 3), 1-isobutyl-3-methylimidazolium hexanetratolanthanate ([isoC(4)mim](3)[La(NO(3))(6)], 4), 1-methyl-3-(3'-methylbutyl)imidazolium hexanitratolanthanate ([MC(4)mim](3)[La(NO(3))(6)], 5), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexanitratolanthanate ([C(6)mim](3)[La(NO(3))(6)], 6), 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium hexanitratolanthanate ([C(8)mim](3)[La(NO(3))(6)], 7), 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium hexanitratolanthanate ([C(12)mim](3)[La(NO(3))(6)], 8), 1-methyl-3-tetradecylimidazolium hexanitratolanthanate ([C(14)mim](3)[La-(NO(3))(6)], 9), 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimid-azolium hexanitratolanthanum ([C(16)dmim](3)[La(NO(3))(6)], 10), and 1-methyl-3-octadecylimidazolium hexanitratolanthanate ([C(18)mim](3)[La(NO(3))(6)], 11) are reported. All new compounds were characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR, and IR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis. The crystal structure of compound 1 was determined by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, giving the following crystallographic information: monoclinic; P2(1)/c; a=15.3170 (3), b=14.2340 (2), c=13.8954(2) Å; β=94.3453(15)°, V=3020.80(9) Å(3), Z=4, ρ=1.764 g cm(-3). The coordination polyhedron around the lanthanum ion is rationalized by six nitrate anions with twelve oxygen atoms. No hydrogen-bonding network or water molecule was found in 1. The thermodynamic stability of the new complexes was investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The water-free hexanitratolanthanate ionic liquids are thermal and moisture stable. Four complexes, namely complexes 8-11, were found to be ionic liquid crystals by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). They all present smectic A liquid-crystalline phase.

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Effects of Nucleators on the Thermodynamic Properties of Seasonal Energy Storage Materials Based on Ionic Liquids

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Ion exchange synthesis and thermal characteristics of some $\left[ \rm{\mathbf{N}}_{{2222}}^{{+}} \right]$ based ionic liquids

Ion exchange synthesis and thermal characteristics of some $\left[ \rm{\mathbf{N}}_{{2222}}^{{+}} \right]$ based ionic liquids

Potential of Nanoparticle-Enhanced Ionic Liquids (NEILs) as Advanced Heat-Transfer Fluids

Water‐Free Rare‐Earth‐Metal Ionic Liquids/Ionic Liquid Crystals Based on Hexanitratolanthanate(III) Anion

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