Effects of Nutrient Enrichment on the Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera) in Contrasting Grassland Communities

Sedlacek, John D.; BARRETTt, G. W.; SHAWt, D. R.

doi:10.2307/2403842

Cited by 36 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Herbivore and detritivore biomass also increased in some fertilised blocks, but this effect was weak and variable (Table 2), consistent with a related study that showed smaller individuals dominate the response to nutrient enrichment (Gruner, 2004b). Responses of community species richness or diversity in other studies have been more variable and equivocal than abundances (Hurd & Wolf, 1974;Kirchner, 1977;Sedlacek et al, 1988;Haddad et al, 2000). Discrepancies in the qualitative responses of diversity across systems may be biologically based and system specific, or might vary according to differences in spatial scale (Whittaker & Heegaard, 2003), trophic or taxonomic focus (Haddad et al, 2000), diversity metric or standardisations employed (McCabe & Gotelli, 2000), or experimental time frame (Haddad et al, 2000).…”

Section: Community Responses To Fertilisationsupporting

confidence: 86%

The effects of foliar pubescence and nutrient enrichment on arthropod communities ofMetrosideros polymorpha(Myrtaceae)

Gruner

Taylor

Forkner

2005

Ecological Entomology

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Abstract. 1. Nutrient resource availability and host-plant foliar pubescence both influence arthropod food webs, but multifactor studies are needed to understand their interdependence and relative importance. Arthropods were sampled by clipping foliage from Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) trees of pubescent, glabrous, and intermediate leaf forms on fertilised and unfertilised plots.2. Fertilisation decreased leaf mass per area (LMA) but did not change the relative mass of pubescence within leaf morphological classes.3. Fertilisation increased densities of individuals in four taxonomic orders, densities of individuals and species of all trophic levels, and the biomass of Collembola and Homoptera. Herbivore relative diversity (Shannon H 0 ) also increased with fertilisation, but detritivore diversity declined due to increasing dominance of Salina celebensis (Schaeffer) (Collembola).4. Detritivore density, driven again by S. celebensis, increased with decreasing leaf pubescence, but Heteroptera and Acari were most abundant on the intermediate pubescence class, and Psocoptera density and biomass increased with increasing pubescence. Trophic-level species density did not change with leaf morphological class, but relative diversity of all arthropods and of detritivores increased with increasing pubescence.5. Both resource availability and leaf pubescence affected Metrosideros arthropod communities. However, the pervasive positive influence of fertilisation did not translate to compositional shifts, and there were no interactions with leaf morphological class. In contrast, the effects of leaf pubescence on arthropod density, biomass, and diversity were more restricted taxonomically, and nonparametric MANOVA and redundancy analyses demonstrated significant differentiation in community composition on the pubescent morphology.

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Section: Community Responses To Fertilisationsupporting

confidence: 86%

The effects of foliar pubescence and nutrient enrichment on arthropod communities ofMetrosideros polymorpha(Myrtaceae)

Gruner

Taylor

Forkner

2005

Ecological Entomology

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“…This reduction in species richness may have an impact on specialized herbivores, as has been seen in diversity experiments (Haddad et al 2009, Scherber et al 2010. However, productivity gains in structural complexity and productivity may increase invertebrate species richness and the net effect of fertilization of the species richness on higher trophic levels can be both positive and negative (Sedlacek et al 1988, Haddad et al 2000. In our grasslands, fertilization is strongly correlated with higher mowing frequencies; this disturbance and removal of additional biomass results in a negative overall effect on the diversity of both plant and primary consumer taxa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Grassland management intensification weakens the associations among the diversities of multiple plant and animal taxa

Manning

Goßner

Bossdorf

et al. 2015

Ecology

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Abstract. Land-use intensification is a key driver of biodiversity change. However, little is knownabouthowitaltersrelationships betweenthe diversitiesofdifferent taxonomicgroups, which are often correlated due to shared environmental drivers and trophic interactions. Using data from 150 grassland sites, we examined how land-use intensification (increased fertilization, higher livestock densities, and increased mowing frequency) altered correlations between the species richness of 15 plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate taxa. We found that 54% of pairwise correlations between taxonomic groups were significant and positive among all grasslands, while only one was negative. Higher land-use intensity substantially weakened these correlations (35% decrease in r and 43% fewer significant pairwise correlations at high intensity), a pattern which may emerge as a result of biodiversity declines and the breakdown of specialized relationships in these conditions. Nevertheless, some groups (Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera and Orthoptera) were consistently correlated with multidiversity, an aggregate measure of total biodiversity comprised of the standardized diversities of multiple taxa, at both high and low land-use intensity. The form of intensificationwasalsoimportant;increasedfertilizationandmowingfrequencytypicallyweakened plant-plant and plant-primary consumer correlations, whereas grazing intensification did not. This may reflect decreased habitat heterogeneity under mowing and fertilization and increased habitat heterogeneity under grazing. While these results urge caution in using certain taxonomic groups to monitor impacts of agricultural management on biodiversity, they also suggest that the diversities of some groups are reasonably robust indicators of total biodiversity across a range of conditions.

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“…However, the estimates of species richness from individual-based rarefaction did not increase with fertilization for any trophic group. Numerous studies have examined the diversity of herbivorous or other arthropods in response to fertilization, but generalizations have been elusive (e.g., Hurd and Wolf 1974;Kirchner 1977;Kajak 1981;Vince et al 1981;Prestidge 1982;Strauss 1987;Sedlacek et al 1988;Siemann 1998;Haddad et al 2000). However, several of these studies observed higher abundance of sap-sucking Auchenorryncha and other herbivorous groups, but decreasing evenness and diversity as a small number of species emerged as dominant (Prestidge 1982;Sedlacek et al 1988;Haddad et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Richness and species composition of arboreal arthropods affected by nutrients and predators: a press experiment

Gruner

Taylor

2006

Oecologia

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A longstanding goal for ecologists is to understand the processes that maintain biological diversity in communities, yet few studies have investigated the combined effects of predators and resources on biodiversity in natural ecosystems. We fertilized nutrient limited plots and excluded insectivorous birds in a randomized block design, and examined the impacts on arthropods associated with the dominant tree in the Hawaiian Islands, Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae). After 33 months, the species load (per foliage mass) of herbivores and carnivores increased with fertilization, but rarified richness (standardized to abundance) did not change. Fertilization depressed species richness of arboreal detritivores, and carnivore richness dropped in caged, unfertilized plots, both because of the increased dominance of common, introduced species with treatments. Herbivore species abundance distributions were more equitable than other trophic levels following treatments, and fertilization added specialized native species without changing relativized species richness. Overall, bird removal and nutrient addition treatments on arthropod richness acted largely independently, but with countervailing influences that obscured distinct top-down and bottom-up effects on different trophic levels. This study demonstrates that species composition, biological invasions, and the individuality of species traits may complicate efforts to predict the interactive effects of resources and predation on species diversity in food webs.

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Effects of Nutrient Enrichment on the Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera) in Contrasting Grassland Communities

Cited by 36 publications

References 47 publications

The effects of foliar pubescence and nutrient enrichment on arthropod communities ofMetrosideros polymorpha(Myrtaceae)

The effects of foliar pubescence and nutrient enrichment on arthropod communities ofMetrosideros polymorpha(Myrtaceae)

Grassland management intensification weakens the associations among the diversities of multiple plant and animal taxa

Richness and species composition of arboreal arthropods affected by nutrients and predators: a press experiment

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