Effects of Obesity on Medial Tibiofemoral Cartilage Mechanics in Females—An Exploration Using Musculoskeletal Simulation and Probabilistic Cartilage Failure Modelling

Sinclair, Jonathan Kenneth; Lynch, Holly Fernandez; Chockalingam, Nachiappan; Taylor, Paul J.

doi:10.3390/life13020270

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 69 publications

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“…Despite slower self‐selected speeds, but in line with mechanical expectations, higher BMI individuals have a higher ground reaction force (GRF) which reflects their greater mass (Hortobágyi et al, 2011; Lai et al, 2008; Messier et al, 1996). Inverse dynamic analyses and musculoskeletal models (e.g., OpenSim) demonstrate that the larger GRF in high BMI individuals translates into greater joint reaction forces (JRF) throughout the lower limb as well as increased muscle forces (Harding et al, 2016; Huang et al, 2013; Messier et al, 2005, 2014; Sanford et al, 2014; Sinclair et al, 2023). Higher muscle forces persist even though preferred walking speeds are lower in higher BMI individuals (Huang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic differences in adult human femora are linked to body mass index

Sylvester,

Zbijewski,

Shi

et al. 2024

The Anatomical Record

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Bone functional adaptation is routinely invoked to interpret skeletal morphology despite ongoing debate regarding the limits of the bone response to mechanical stimuli. The wide variation in human body mass presents an opportunity to explore the relationship between mechanical load and skeletal response in weight‐bearing elements. Here, we examine variation in femoral macroscopic morphology as a function of body mass index (BMI), which is used as a metric of load history. A sample of 80 femora (40 female; 40 male) from recent modern humans was selected from the Texas State University Donated Skeletal Collection. Femora were imaged using x‐ray computed tomography (voxel size ~0.5 mm), and segmented to produce surface models. Landmark‐based geometric morphometric analyses based on the Coherent Point Drift algorithm were conducted to quantify shape. Principal components analyses were used to summarize shape variation, and component scores were regressed on BMI. Within the male sample, increased BMI was associated with a mediolaterally expanded femoral shaft, as well as increased neck‐shaft angle and decreased femoral neck anteversion angle. No statistically significant relationships between shape and BMI were found in the female sample. While mechanical stimulus has traditionally been applied to changes in long bong diaphyseal shape it appears that bone functional adaptation may also result in fundamental changes in the shape of skeletal elements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic differences in adult human femora are linked to body mass index

Sylvester,

Zbijewski,

Shi

et al. 2024

The Anatomical Record

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Effects of high heels on medial tibiofemoral cartilage mechanics: an exploration using musculoskeletal simulation and a probabilistic cartilage failure model

et al. 2023

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Articular cartilage regeneration: A current concepts review

Vaish,

Vaishya

2024

JASSM

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Articular cartilage injuries and defects have limited or no repair capacity. Most of the current surgical techniques can produce only fibrocartilage and not the actual hyaline cartilage. This review explores current trends in articular cartilage treatment, focusing on established approaches, emerging therapies, and future directions. A detailed literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar in May 2024. All the relevant studies were identified and included in this review. While surgical techniques are crucial, non-operative approaches such as physical therapy with targeted mechanical stimulation or pulsed electromagnetic fields, the use of biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment, and monitoring play a key role in managing symptoms and supporting the regeneration process. Over the past few decades, various surgical techniques have been developed for treating articular cartilage defects more effectively. Despite the field of cartilage regeneration making significant strides, there are still several key research gaps that need to be addressed. The future of cartilage regeneration is brimming with exciting possibilities such as bioprinting, bioengineering, stem cell therapies, gene editing, and the use of artificial intelligence. Many promising techniques show success in pre-clinical studies but translating them into effective and safe clinical treatments requires further research and large-scale clinical trials. Careful consideration of the ethical implications of using these therapies remains paramount. Hence, cartilage regeneration research is a field brimming with potential. While challenges remain, such as optimizing cell delivery and ensuring the long-term functionality of regenerated tissue, the future looks promising.

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Effects of Obesity on Medial Tibiofemoral Cartilage Mechanics in Females—An Exploration Using Musculoskeletal Simulation and Probabilistic Cartilage Failure Modelling

Cited by 3 publications

References 69 publications

Macroscopic differences in adult human femora are linked to body mass index

Macroscopic differences in adult human femora are linked to body mass index

Effects of high heels on medial tibiofemoral cartilage mechanics: an exploration using musculoskeletal simulation and a probabilistic cartilage failure model

Articular cartilage regeneration: A current concepts review

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