Effects of Ochratoxin A on Livestock Production

Battacone, Gianni; Nudda, Anna; Pulina, Giuseppe

doi:10.3390/toxins2071796

Cited by 95 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, chronic mycotoxicosis is known to alter the immunological system of affected animals and increase their susceptibility to infectious disease (MOSTROM; JACOBSEN, 2011), which might explain the concomitant acute BVD infection diagnosed and the BoHV-1 circulating within this herd. Moreover, ochratoxicosis is more frequently associated with mortality in poultry and pigs (GALEY, 2009;UPADHAYA et al, 2010), with manifestation of disease being rare in cattle due to the efficiency of ruminal transformation when small quantities are ingested (BATTACONE et al, 2010). However, the level of contamination by ochratoxin (75.94 µg/ kg) identified within the moldy corn silage, greatly exceeds the maximum recommended daily intake levels (25 µg/kg) for ruminants (GALEY, 2009;MOSTROM;JACOBSEN, 2011), and induced renal toxicosis in the animals evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Affected animals can demonstrate reduced growth rate, decreased feed efficiency, rough hair coat, and hepatic fibrosis with regeneration (GALEY, 2009). Ochratoxicosis produces similar manifestations in livestock, particularly pigs (GALEY, 2009), but ochratoxicosis is rarely diagnosed in cattle due to efficient ruminal degradation (BATTACONE et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concomitant bovine viral diarrhea, mycotoxicosis, and seneciosis in cattle from northern Paraná, Brazil

et al. 2014

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This study investigated the causes of mortality in cattle from northern Paraná, southern Brazil, during which 9.5% (23/242) of Nellore cows died after clinical manifestations of uncoordinated gait, fever, transient bloody diarrhea, dyspnea, and lateral decumbency. All cows were maintained on poor pastures, and ingested moldy silage and sprouts of Senecio brasiliensis. Serum samples (n=17) were collected for virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies assays against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). Three cows were necropsied; fragment of tissue samples collected during necropsy from two cows were used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR assays to identify BoHV-1 and BVDV; blood samples (n=6) were obtained for hematological and biochemical analyses. Significant gross findings of all cows included increased liver consistency, intestinal bleeding, and pulmonary hemorrhage. Histopathology revealed hepatic fibrosis, hemorrhagic enteritis, renal tubular necrosis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and widespread vasculitis. All serum samples contained VN antibodies against BoHV-1, but only four of these reacted positively to BVDV. The RT-PCR assays amplified specific amplicons of the untranslated region of BVDV from tissues samples of both animals; direct sequencing and sequence analyses demonstrated that these sequences clustered within the BVDV subgenotype 1d; all PCRs were negative for BoHV-1. Toxicological analyses of the moldy silage demonstrated elevated concentrations of ochratoxin (75.94 µg/kg). Laboratory evaluations revealed renal and hepatic dysfunctions. These findings confirmed the combined actions of BVDV-1d infection and toxicosis by mycotoxin and S. brasiliensis in cattle mortality at this farm. com sangue, dispneia e decúbito lateral. O rebanho era mantido em pastagens degradadas e ingeriram silagem de milho mofada e broto de Senecio brasiliensis. Amostras de soro (n=17) foram coletadas para a detecção de anticorpos neutralizantes para o vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) e herpesvírus bovino 1 (BoHV-1). Três vacas foram necropsiadas e os fragmentos de tecidos foram avaliados por RT-PCR e PCR para a identificação de BVDV e BoHV-1, respectivamente. Os achados macroscópicos incluíram aumento da consistência hepática, sangramento intestinal e hemorragia pulmonar. A histopatologia revelou fibrose hepática, enterite hemorrágica, necrose tubular renal e vasculite generalizada. Todas as amostras de soro apresentaram anticorpos neutralizantes para o BoHV-1 e quatro amostras foram positivas para o BVDV. A RT-PCR amplificou produtos da região não-traduzida do genoma do BVDV a partir de tecidos de ambos os animais. Análises filogenéticas dos produtos amplificados demonstraram que as sequências agruparam com o BVDV subgenotipo 1d. Todas as amostras analisadas por PCR para a identificação do DNA do BoHV-1 foram negativas. Avaliações da bioquímica sérica revelaram disfunções renal e hepática. Análises toxicológicas nas amostras de silagem milho mofada apresentar...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concomitant bovine viral diarrhea, mycotoxicosis, and seneciosis in cattle from northern Paraná, Brazil

et al. 2014

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“…Las características de la flora del tubo digestivo de los rumiantes hacen posible disminuir sustancialmente la absorción de la Ocratoxina A (Jouany & Diaz 2005), sin embargo, es recomendable evitar el consumo prolongado debido a la acumulación de la sustancia en los tejidos. Por este motivo, la aparición clínica de toxicosis en esta especie es poco frecuente (Battacone et al 2010). La excreción se da generalmente por orina y heces (Höhler et al 1999), y la excreción por orina de ocratoxina alfa se socia principalmente a la recirculación entero hepática.…”

Section: Ocratoxinaunclassified

“…El consumo de micotoxinas en los seres humanos es facilitado tanto por el consumo de productos de origen vegetal como de origen animal, que son contaminados cuando los animales consumen cantidades importantes de micotoxinas que son transportadas a los productos finales como la carne, leche o huevos (Duarte & Villamil 2006, Battacone et al 2010, Bandera et al 2011, Baliukoniene et al 2012.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Presencia de hongos y contaminación con micotoxinas en ensilajes para alimentación de rumiantes. Artículo de Revisión

Solís¹

2016

Ciencias Veterinarias

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Diversos estudios han identificado el crecimiento de hongos en forrajes ensilados para alimentar rumiantes domésticos, capaces de producir toxinas de importancia para la salud pública y animal.<br />El objetivo de esta revisión es recopilar los resultados de diversas investigaciones que identificaron hongos y micotoxinas con riesgo conocido en ensilajes de diversos materiales en varias regiones del mundo utilizados para alimentar rumiantes. En segundo lugar, describir las especies de hongos más comúnmente identificadas por diversos autores en alimentos ensilados para rumiantes, y los factores que favorecen su presencia y desarrollo, con la consecuente producción de micotoxinas. Por último, describir algunas medidas para prevenir la contaminación de los ensilajes con micotoxinas, y se muestra la necesidad de realizar investigaciones relacionadas con la presencia de micotoxinas en alimentos para rumiantes en Costa Rica.<br />Los principales efectos en rumiantes de las micotoxinas encontradas en los ensilajes se asocian a alteraciones reproductivas y del sistema inmunológico, así como del sistema digestivo. Los principales géneros identificados en los estudios revisados alrededor del mundo son Penicillium spp, Fusarium spp y Aspergillus spp. Diversos estudios reportan la contaminación de ensilajes principalmente con aflatoxinas (AFB1), fumonisinas (FB1), tricotecenos (DON, T2) y zearalenona. Factores como la presencia de oxígeno durante el ensilaje, la temperatura ambiental, el embalado y el manejo postcosecha de los forrajes tienen una importancia notable como facilitadores del desarrollo de los hongos y la consecuente producción de toxinas.

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“…The main target site of OTA toxicity is the renal proximal tubule. Chronic effects may be apparent when low levels of mycotoxin are ingested by the animals, and clinical symptoms include decreased weight gain, feed conversion rate, retardation of growth and increased disease susceptibility (1). As OTA has a high affinity to blood proteins, it can likely accumulate in different organs of animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Official control of ochratoxin A in food of animal origin in Poland between 2003 and 2012

Wisniewska-Dmytrow

Żmudzki

Burek

et al. 2013

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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Between 2003 and 2012, 1413 samples of kidneys, liver, and muscles from swine, cattle, sheep, horses, chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks, and fish were examined for the presence of ochratoxin A. The examination was performed in the framework of "The National Residue Control Programme for Chemical, Biological, and Drug Residue in Animal Tissues and in the Food of Animal Origin". The mycotoxin was determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean up. The limit of quantification was 0.2 µg/kg. Ochratoxin A was found only in swine kidney samples (n = 1092). It was detected in 28.8% of the kidney samples at the concentrations from 0.2 to 29.2 µg/kg. The most of the samples (25.5%) contained OTA at the concentration ranging from 0.2 to 5 µg/kg, which is below the provisional action level for OTA in kidneys, established in Poland at the concentration of 5 µg/kg. Furthermore, 24 (2.2 ) samples had mycotoxin concentrations between 5 and 10 µg/kg and 13 (1.2 ) samples above 10 µg/kg.

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Effects of Ochratoxin A on Livestock Production

Cited by 95 publications

References 95 publications

Concomitant bovine viral diarrhea, mycotoxicosis, and seneciosis in cattle from northern Paraná, Brazil

Concomitant bovine viral diarrhea, mycotoxicosis, and seneciosis in cattle from northern Paraná, Brazil

Presencia de hongos y contaminación con micotoxinas en ensilajes para alimentación de rumiantes. Artículo de Revisión

Official control of ochratoxin A in food of animal origin in Poland between 2003 and 2012

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