Effects of offshore oil exploration and development in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: A three‐decade record for sediment metals

Abstract

Impacts from oil exploration, development, and production in the Beaufort Sea, Alaska, USA are assessed using concentrations of metals in sediments collected during 2014 to 2015, combined with a large data set for 1985 to 2006. Concentrations of 7 (1980s) or 17 (1999-2015) metals in 423 surface sediments from 134 stations, plus 563 samples from 30 cores were highly variable, primarily as a function of sediment granulometry with naturally greater metals concentrations in fine-grained, Al-rich sediment. Metals versus Al correlation plots were used to normalize metals concentrations and identify values significantly above background. Barium, Cr, Cu, Hg, and Pb concentrations were above background, but variable, within 250 m of some offshore sites where drilling occurred between 1981 and 2001; these areas totaled <6 km of 11 000 km in the total lease area. Random and fixed sampling along the coastal Beaufort Sea from 1985 to 2015 yielded 40 positive anomalies for metals in surface sediments (∼0.8% of 5082 data points). About 85% of the anomalies were from developed areas. Half the anomalies were for the 5 metals found enhanced near drilling sites. No metals concentrations, except As, exceeded accepted sediment quality criteria. Interannual shifts in metals values for surface sediments at inner shelf sites were common and linked to storm-induced transitions in granulometry; however, metal-to-Al ratios were uniform during these shifts. Sediment cores generally recorded centuries of background values, except for As, Fe, and Mn. These 3 metals were naturally enriched in sediments from deeper water (>100 m) via diagenetic remobilization at sediment depths of 5 to 15 cm, upward diffusion, and precipitation in surface oxic layers. Minimal evidence for anthropogenic inputs of metals, except near some exploratory drilling sites, is consistent with extraction of most oil from land or barrier islands in the Alaskan Arctic and restricted offshore activity to date. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;00:000-000. © 2018 SETAC.

Genomic insights into Pseudoalteromonas sp. JSTW coping with petroleum‐heavy metals combined pollution

“…It has been widely reported that petroleum pollution is often accompanied by heavy‐metal pollution, and its existence usually affects the metabolic activity of microorganisms, which adversely affects the biodegradation of petroleum pollution [9,10]. Genes which are related to heavy‐metal resistance and biofilm were also observed in genome of JSTW, including pco A encoding copper resistance protein A, cop A encoding copper‐exporting P‐type ATPase, cop B encoding copper resistance protein B, cop C encoding copper‐binding protein, cop Z encoding copper chaperone, cus A encoding Cu/Ag efflux pump, cus F encoding periplasmic Cu and Ag efflux proteins.…”

“…However, petroleum hydrocarbons pollution is naturally associated with heavy‐metal pollution [9]. For instance, heavy metal pollution such as Cd, Cu, Ni and Cr have been revealed to usually coexists with petroleum pollution [10].…”