Effects of oil and a dispersant on intertidal organisms in field experiments with a Mesocosm, the Bremerhaven Caisson

Farke, Hubert; Wonneberger, K.; Gunkel, Wilfried; Dahlmann, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/0141-1136(85)90132-1

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The effects of crude and refined petroleum hydrocarbons on benthic fauna have been extensively studied following real oil spills (Krebs and Burns, 1977;Boucher et al, 1980;Bodin, 1988;McGuinness, 1990;Teal et al, 1992;Agard et al, 1993;Moore and Stevenson, 1997;Smith and Simpson, 1998;Jewett et al, 1999;Michel and Hayes, 1999), in field experiments (Alongi et al, 1983;Decker and Fleeger, 1984;PlanteCuny et al, 1993;Christie and Berge, 1995;Feder and Blanchard, 1998), experimental mesocosms (Farke et al, 1985;Frithsen et al, 1985) and laboratory microcosms (Grassle et al, 1981;Carman et al, 2000;Mahmoudi et al, 2005), but the influence of lubricant oils on natural communities is poorly understood. The few studies concerning engine lubricants and benthic organisms (Powell et al, 2005;Thompson et al, 2007) have been conducted using Antarctic assemblages, and there are no studies reporting the impacts to Mediterranean species or under temperate environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of two lubricant oils on marine nematode assemblages in a laboratory microcosm experiment

Beyrem

Louati

Essid

et al. 2010

Marine Environmental Research

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The effects of two lubricating oils on nematode assemblages of a Tunisian lagoon were investigated in a microcosm experiment. Sediment from a pristine site in Ghar El Melh lagoon (Western Mediterranean) was treated with either mineral oil (Mobil 20 W-50), a synthetic lubricant (Mobil 0 W-40), the same two lubricants after use in a vehicle, and effects were examined after 5 weeks. Univariate analysis showed significant differences between most univariate indices of the nematode assemblages in all the lubricant treatments as compared to the control. Total nematode abundance (I), species richness (d) and number of species (S) decreased significantly in all lubricant contaminated microcosms. However, evenness was not affected in all treated replicates except in used mineral lubricant treatment where it was significantly higher than in the control. Diversity (H') was only altered in synthetic lubricant treatments. Results from multivariate analyses of the species abundance data demonstrated that responses of nematode species to the two lubricants treatments were varied: Daptonema trabeculosum was eliminated in all lubricant treatments and seemed to be an intolerant species to oil contamination. Spirinia gerlachi increased in mineral lubricant treatments ("clean" and used) but was eliminated in all synthetic lubricant treatments. This species could be categorized as "resistant" to mineral oil contamination and intolerant to synthetic lubricant contamination. Terschellingia longicaudata increased only in synthetic lubricant treatments ("clean" and used) and appeared to be a "synthetic oil-resistant" species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of two lubricant oils on marine nematode assemblages in a laboratory microcosm experiment

Beyrem

Louati

Essid

et al. 2010

Marine Environmental Research

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“…Petroleum hydrocarbons, including diesel fuel, have also been shown to influence microalgal biomass either positively or negatively (Bott et al 1978;Morales-Loo and Goutx 1990;Plante-Cuny et al 1993;Chuan and Chiu 1985;Farke et al 1985). Reduced microalgal consumption by macrofauna has been proposed as a possible mechanism by which microalgal biomass may become enhanced in contaminated sediments (Plante-Cuny et al 1993;Farke et al 1985). To our knowledge, however, such an indirect effect of contaminants on microalgae has not been explicitly examined in previous studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies, however, have shown positive effects on meiofaunal abundance, especially at low levels of contamination (DeLaune et al 1984;Feder et al 1990;Montagna et al 1987;Stacey and Marcotte 1987); Montagna et al (1995a) determined that meiofaunal grazing at a natural petroleum seep did not differ from grazing at control sites. Petroleum hydrocarbons, including diesel fuel, have also been shown to influence microalgal biomass either positively or negatively (Bott et al 1978;Morales-Loo and Goutx 1990;Plante-Cuny et al 1993;Chuan and Chiu 1985;Farke et al 1985). Reduced microalgal consumption by macrofauna has been proposed as a possible mechanism by which microalgal biomass may become enhanced in contaminated sediments (Plante-Cuny et al 1993;Farke et al 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

Response of a benthic food web to hydrocarbon contamination

1997

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Direct and indirect effects of diesel-contaminated sediment on microalgae, meiofauna, and meiofauna-microalgae trophic interactions were examined in a microcosm study of the sediment community from a Spartina aZterniJora salt marsh. Microcosms of natural sediment were given small daily doses of contaminated sediment over a 28-d period, creating low-, medium-, and high-diesel treatment concentrations of -0.5, 5.5, and 55 ppm PAH, respectively. Diesel caused initial (within 7 h) reductions in microalgal grazing by meiobenthic harpacticoid copepods. Over longer periods of exposure (7-28 d), grazing on microalgae by copepods as a group was reduced in highdiesel treatments, primarily because of high copepod mortality. In contrast, grazing by and abundance of Cletocamptus deitersi (a copepod) was significantly enhanced in high-diesel treatments. Concurrent with reduced grazing by copepods, nematode grazing rates increased significantly in high-diesel treatments, indicating possible competition for microalgae between copepods and nematodes. In spite of transiently enhanced grazing by nematodes and C. deitersi, total meiofaunal grazing on microalgae was reduced in high-diesel treatments. Increased Chl a: pheopigment ratios in contaminated sediments were also indicative of reduced grazing pressure. A large (10X) increase in microalgal biomass was observed in high-diesel treatments and was likely a consequence of reduced meiofaunal grazing. The general responses observed in microcosms were also observed in a field study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination. Collectively, our data indicate that benthic microalgal biomass is controlled by meiofaunal grazing and that meiofauna may compete for limited algal resources. Furthermore, consideration of multiple trophic levels and their interactions allows a more complete and ecologically meaningful understanding of the mechanisms by which contaminants induce changes in natural communities.

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“…The gross photosynthetic rate is expressed in relation to the amount of chlorophyll a determined in parallel samples, a method which was used in the experiments of 1982. 7 In marine sediments nematodes represent the most abundant group of meiofauna organisms. The effects of the contaminants were investigated by analyzing the reactions of the nematode community (species composition, abundance, diversity).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Experiments With Dispersed Oil and a Dispersant in an Intertidal Ecosystem: Fate and Biological Effects

Farke

Blome

Theobald

et al. 1985

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings

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Experiments with chemically and ultrasonically dispersed Arabian light crude oil and a dispersant (Finasol OSR 5) were carried out on an intertidal sand flat in the Wadden Sea (German Bight). “Bremerhaven Caissons,” flow through mesocosms for intertidal field experiments, allowed pollutant addition to the enclosed water during submersion time. Reiterated contaminations over a period of 12 successive tides of low concentrations of oil (10 ppm) and dispersant made it possible to study penetration and alteration processes of the dispersed oil in the sediment. Sublethal and lethal effects upon micro-phytobenthos, meiofauna, and macrofauna were observed. Oil reduced the activity of microbenthic algae and the food uptake of filter feeding bivalves and a polychaete. Nematodes showed a lower diversity and decreasing abundances in some groups. No major differences between the effects of chemically and ultrasonically dispersed oil on the benthos were observed. Application of dispersant alone had no clear effects when compared with controls.

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Effects of oil and a dispersant on intertidal organisms in field experiments with a Mesocosm, the Bremerhaven Caisson

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of two lubricant oils on marine nematode assemblages in a laboratory microcosm experiment

Effects of two lubricant oils on marine nematode assemblages in a laboratory microcosm experiment

Response of a benthic food web to hydrocarbon contamination

Field Experiments With Dispersed Oil and a Dispersant in an Intertidal Ecosystem: Fate and Biological Effects

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