Effects of olive oil and its minor phenolic constituents on obesity-induced cardiac metabolic changes

Abstract

BackgroundOlive oil and its minor constituents have been recommended as important dietary therapeutic interventions in preventive medicine. However, a question remains to be addressed: what are the effects of olive oil and its phenolic compounds on obesity-induced cardiac metabolic changes?MethodsMale Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n = 24/group): (C) receiving standard-chow; (Ob) receiving hypercaloric-chow. After 21 days C and Ob groups were divided into four subgroups (n = 6/group):(C) standard-chow and saline; (C-Olive)standard-chow and olive-oil (3.0 g/kg.day); (C-Oleuropein)standard-chow and oleuropein (0.023 mg/kg/day); (C-Cafeic) standard-chow and cafeic-acid (2.66 mg/kg/day); (Ob)receiving hypercaloric-chow and saline;(Ob-Olive) hypercaloric-chow and olive-oil;(Ob-Oleuropein) hypercaloric-chow and oleuropein;(Ob-Cafeic) hypercaloric-chow and cafeic-acid. Treatments were given twice a week during 21 days.ResultsAfter 42 days, obesity was evidenced in Ob rats from enhanced body-weight, surface-area, and body-mass-index. Energy-expenditure, oxygen consumption(VO2) and fat-oxidation were lower in Ob-group than in C. Despite no morphometric changes, Ob-Olive, Ob-Oleuropein and Ob-Cafeic groups had higher VO2, fat-oxidation, myocardial beta-hydroxyacyl coenzyme-A dehydrogenase and lower respiratory-quotient than Ob. Citrate-synthase was highest in Ob-Olive group. Myocardial lipid-hydroperoxide(LH) and antioxidant enzymes were unaffected by olive-oil and its compounds in obesity condition, whereas LH was lower and total-antioxidant-substances were higher in C-Olive and C-Oleuropein than in C.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated for the first time that olive-oil, oleuropein and cafeic-acid enhanced fat-oxidation and optimized cardiac energy metabolism in obesity conditions. Olive oil and its phenolic compounds improved myocardial oxidative stress in standard-fed conditions.

Evaluation of hypocholesterolemic effect of oleuropein in cholesterol-fed rats

“…Ebaid et al, demonstrated that oleuropein administration at 0.023 mg/kg (via gavage) did not prevent HFD induced body weight gain in rats [37]. However, a preventive effect of oleuropein was observed when the later was used at 30 mg/kg, as previously shown by Park et al [18].…”

Oral administration ofMoringa oleiferaoil but not coconut oil prevents mercury-induced testicular toxicity in rats

“…The observation on body weight differences was not statistically significant among all groups, but there was increased tendency for the HgCl 2 +CO animals to gain more weight than animals in other groups, suggesting that animals that received combination of the metal and CO received more energy‐producing substrates. This positive energy balance could lead to weight gain (Ebaid et al ., ).…”

Potential Protective Role Exerted by Secoiridoids from Olea europaea L. in Cancer, Cardiovascular, Neurodegenerative, Aging-Related, and Immunoinflammatory Diseases

“…Ebaid et al studied the effects of OL intake in obesity-induced cardiac metabolic changes. They found that an OL diet showed an increase of oxygen consumption, fat oxidation, and myocardial β-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity and a reduction in the levels of lipid hydroperoxide and up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme confirmed that OL improved myocardial oxidative stress in standard-fed conditions [151].…”