Over the past three decades, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis and allergic or irritant contact dermatitis has been increasing significantly in the general population, causing considerable economic costs and decreased quality of life. [1][2][3] Topical corticosteroids have been the first-choice therapy for treatment of these inflammatory skin diseases such as eczema, atopic and seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis. While effective in many patients, this form of therapy carry the concern of local and systemic adverse effects and may induce skin atrophy, especially after long-term use. 4,5) In contrast to topical corticosteroids, the more recently introduced calcineurin inhibitors like tacrolimus and pimecrolimus do not induce skin atrophy, even after long-term use but may induce adverse effects such as burning, erythema and pruritus and are contraindicated in patients younger than two years or in those who are immunosuppressed.6,7) Thus, the available drugs, although have efficacy they are associated with adverse effects and therefore the development of new and safe anti-inflammatory topical agents for the treatment of dermatitis is needed.Studies reveal that a large percentage of patients use some form of complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of atopic and contact dermatitis, which include herbal remedies. [8][9][10] In the recent past, several diterpene compounds of plant origin such as abietic acid from Pimenta racemosa var. grissea, hypoestoxide from Hypoestes rosea and marrubiin from Marrubium vulgare were shown to be effective in the mouse model of ear edema induced by several phlogestogens like histamine, bradykinin, capsaicin, prostaglandin E 2 , Croton oil, TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) or oxazolone.11-13) Centipedic acid (CA) and 12-acetoxy-hawtriwaic acid lactone (AHAL, Tanabalin) are the naturally occurring diterpenes isolated from the aerial parts of Egletes viscosa L. (Asteraceae), a traditional medicinal plant.14) Previously we reported on the gastroprotective and antinociceptive properties of these diterpenes as well as an anti-edematogenic activity of tanabolin against ear edema induced by capsaicin. 15,16) However, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of these two diterpene compounds was not tested in the models of ear edema induced by either TPA or oxazolone, the most commonly used ones for analysing the agents effective against contact or atopic dermatitis.17,18) Thus as a part of our continuation study, we describe here for the first time the anti-dermatitis effects of these two natural diterpenes from Egletes viscosa using the experimental models of acute and chronic dermatitis induced by TPA and oxazolone, respectively, in the mouse ear.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant Material and Isolation of DiterpenoidsThe aerial parts (2.5 kg) of Egletes viscosa LESS. (Asteraceae) were collected from the experimental plantation pertaining to the Department of Agronomy of this University, after its authentication and the voucher specimen (#16327) was retained in Prisco Bezerra He...