Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Serum Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) supplementation on serum lipid profile and blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane library from database inception to 30 April 2022. This meta-analysis included eight trials with 387 participants. We found that supplementation of n-3 PUFAs has no significant reduction in TC level (SMD = −0.02; 95% CI: −0.22 ~ 0.18, I2 = 23.7%) and LDL-c level in serum (SMD = 0.18; 95% CI: −0.18 ~ 0.53, I2 = 54.9%) of patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, we found no significant increase in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (SMD = 0.02; 95% CI: −0.21 ~ 0.25, I2 = 0%) in patients with metabolic syndrome after consuming n-3 PUFAs. In addition, we found that n-3 PUFAs can significantly decrease serum triglyceride levels (SMD= −0.39; 95% CI: −0.59 ~ −0.18, I2 = 17.2%), systolic blood pressure (SMD = −0.54; 95% CI: −0.86 ~ −0.22, I2 = 48.6%), and diastolic blood pressure (SMD = −0.56; 95% CI: −0.79 ~ 0.33, I2 = 14.0%) in patients with metabolic syndrome. The results from the sensitivity analysis confirmed that our results were robust. These findings suggest that n-3 PUFA supplementation may serve as a potential dietary supplement for improving lipids and blood pressure in metabolic syndrome. Given the quality of the included studies, further studies are still needed to verify our findings.

The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Simonetto et al, in a publication, indicated that omega-3 PUFA supplementation may reduce the risk of various phenotypes of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases [134]. A 2023 systematic review indicated and confirmed that omega-3 also improves the blood lipid profile [135]. The cardioprotective effect of omega-3 fatty acids is therefore firmly established in the literature and further confirmed by a number of recent publications, including meta-analyses [136][137][138][139][140].…”

O Impacto Do Ômega 3 No Tratamento De Pacientes Com Sindrome Metabólica

“…Consumir uma quantidade adequada de ômega-3 pode prevenir a hipertrigliceridemia ao inibir a produção hepática de triglicerídeos e lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (SCORLETTI, BYRNE, 2018). Além disso, o ômega-3 influencia positivamente a saúde metabólica, afetando processos como a adipogênese e a expansão saudável do tecido adiposo (LIU et al, 2023).…”

“…Em um estudo que utilizou óleo de canola rico em et al, 2021). Revisões sistemáticas indicam que os efeitos do ômega-3 são mais evidentes em intervenções de longo prazo, com uma redução significativa dos níveis de triglicerídeos após 12 semanas ou mais (LIU et al, 2023). Esses resultados sugerem que a duração da intervenção desempenha um papel crucial nos efeitos do ômega-3 no perfil lipídico, com benefícios mais pronunciados se estendendo ao longo do tempo.…”

Comparative genomics points to tandem duplications of SAD gene clusters as drivers of increased α‐linolenic (ω‐3) content in S. hispanica seeds

“…Salvia hispanica seeds are rich in essential fatty acids (81%), including α-linolenic acid (ALA, ω-3, 62%) and linoleic acid (LA,19%) with low ω-6:ω-3 ratio (0.3), which makes it one of the best sources of plantbased ω-3 (Oteri et al, 2023). Several studies examining the effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3-PUFAs) supplementation on human health suggest that they may help reduce several chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and kidney dysfunction (Arredondo-Mendoza et al, 2020;Creus et al, 2017;El-Feky et al, 2022;Y.-X. Liu et al, 2023;Meyer & De Groot, 2017;Ong et al, 2023;Onneken, 2018;Penson & Banach, 2020;Y.…”

“…Several studies examining the effect of ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω‐3‐PUFAs) supplementation on human health suggest that they may help reduce several chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and kidney dysfunction (Arredondo‐Mendoza et al., 2020; Creus et al., 2017; El‐Feky et al., 2022; Y.‐X. Liu et al., 2023; Meyer & De Groot, 2017; Ong et al., 2023; Onneken, 2018; Penson & Banach, 2020; Y. Xiao et al., 2022; X. Zhang et al., 2022).…”