Effects of one- and two-dimensional carbon hybridization of PEDOT:PSS on the power factor of polymer thermoelectric energy conversion devices

Yoo, Dohyuk; Kim, Jeonghun; Lee, Seung Hwan; Cho, Wonseok; Choi, Hyang Hee; Kim, Felix Sunjoo; Kim, Jung Hyun

doi:10.1039/c4ta06710j

Cited by 153 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The ZT value increased from 0.017 for pristine PEDOT: PSS to 0.031 for the PEDOT: PSS/graphene/MWNT composites. 104 The latest work on these ternary composites reports the effects of different weight ratio between PEDOT/graphene/carbon nanotube based ternary composite as well as the effects of acid treatment on the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. Electrical conductivities of 208.4 S.cm…”

Section: Graphene and Nanocomposite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…101 Graphene(rGO)/fullerene(C 60 ), 102 (rGO) 103 and, graphene/CNT/nano-composites 104,105 have been studied by several groups and prepared with PEDOT: PSS. The studies showed an increased power factor in all composites when compared with pure PEDOT: PSS due to an increased electrical conductivity/reduced thermal transport.…”

Section: Graphene and Nanocomposite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review—Organic Materials for Thermoelectric Energy Generation

Cowen

Atoyo

Carnie

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

130

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Organic semiconductor materials have been promising alternatives to their inorganic counterparts in several electronic applications such as solar cells, light emitting diodes, field effect transistors as well as thermoelectric generators. Their low cost, light weight and flexibility make them appealing in future applications such as foldable electronics and wearable circuits using printing techniques. In this report, we present a mini-review on the organic materials that have been used for thermoelectric energy generation. The reduction in the effects of climate change, caused by the burning of fossil fuels, has recently been given increased emphasis by major world governments and it is therefore necessary to consider the efficiency of the methods we currently use to generate energy. It has previously been estimated that 63% of global energy consumption is wasted with the major form of this waste being heat.1,2 It is therefore important to develop methods of reconverting this wasted heat back in to useful forms of energy, such as electricity.Thermoelectric generators (TEG) are a promising technology which make use of a process known as the Seebeck effect for heat recovery. The Seebeck effect can be described as two dissimilar conductors or semiconductors connected thermally in parallel and electrically in series and exposed to a temperature gradient causing a difference in voltage between the two materials.3,4 In a TEG one p-type and one ntype semiconductor make use of the Seebeck effect by connecting one to the other electrically in series and thermally in parallel; a general device setup is shown in Figure 1. By connecting the two components, by a junction which is heated, the n-type component of the device transports electrons from the hot junction to a heat sink while the p-type material transports positively charged holes along the same direction of the temperature gradient. The reverse is also possible if the holes and electrons flow away from a cold connecting junction to a heated point at the end of each semiconductor, this induces a constant cooling at the junction through the Peltier effect. 4,5The quantification of the Seebeck effect, in a specific material, is given by the Seebeck coefficient, α, and is the open circuit voltage of a material subjected to a temperature gradient, commonly with units on the scale of μVK −1 to mVK −1 . 6 A materials overall efficiency in the conversion of heat to electricity is given by the dimensionless figure of merit, ZT, defined as,where σ is the electrical conductivity and κ is the thermal conductivity. [6][7][8] It is therefore necessary for thermoelectric materials to have a high electrical conductivity and a low thermal conductivity making electrically conducting metals inappropriate for thermoelectric applications due to their high thermal conductivities and low z E-mail: m.j.carnie@swansea.ac.uk; derya.baran@kaust.edu.sa; b.c.schroeder@qmul .ac.uk Seebeck coefficients. The ideal thermoelectric materials should be an electrical crystal to maximize σ and at the s...

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Section: Graphene and Nanocomposite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Graphene and Nanocomposite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Organic Materials for Thermoelectric Energy Generation

Cowen

Atoyo

Carnie

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a previous study, we demonstrated that the hybridization of one-dimensional CNTs and two-dimensional graphene platelets with PEDOT:PSS, using in situ polymerization, resulted in remarkably enhanced TE properties. 21 In this study, we investigated a exible and transparent lm using RTCVD graphene coated with a PEDOT:PSS conducting layer. The RTCVD graphene was transferred onto a PET substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scalable RTCVD Graphene/PEDOT:PSS hybrid conductive film for application in transparent and flexible thermoelectric nanogenerators

Park

Yoo

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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Poly(3,4-ethyldioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), as an thermoelectric(TE) material, exhibits a high electrical conductivity and ZT value (10 À1 -10 0 ). Nevertheless, a low thermovoltage of the organic thermoelectric materials must be overcome, in comparison to that of semi metals. Recently, to address these challenges, several researchers have investigated PEDOT:PSS/carbon material composites.Herein, a transparent and flexible hybrid film made up of rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD) graphene and PEDOT:PSS results in enhanced TE performance. The PEDOT:PSS was synthesized by oxidative polymerization, and the hybrid process of the graphene film and PEDOT:PSS film was conducted using the layer-by-layer method. The results of AFM and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the synergistic effect through composite films improved the electrical properties. The maximum electrical conductivity and power factor of the RTCVD graphene/PEDOT:PSS (RCG/P) hybrid film were 1096 S cm À1 and 57.9 mW m À1 K À2, respectively. In addition, the RCG/P hybrid film exhibited excellent mechanical flexibility and stability.

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“…[1][2][3][4] Among the conducting polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), also known as PEDOT:PSS, is the most widely used material because of its high electrical conductivity, low band gap, and transparency in the visible region compared to those of others. [5][6][7] While most conducting polymers tend to be insoluble in any solvent, PEDOT:PSS can be dispersed in water and some polar organic solvents in the form of colloidal particles. This is because hydrophilic PSS acts as a charge-balancing counter-ion to stabilize hydrophobic PEDOT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of residual sodium ions on the structure and properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)

Cho

Kim

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a promising conducting polymer in terms of its applicability to transparent and flexible electronic devices. Generally, a negatively charged PSS chain can interact with alkali metal cations like sodium and potassium. During polymerization, these ions, especially sodium ions, remain in an aqueous state and affect particle formation. This paper describes the effect of residual sodium ions on the synthesis of PEDOT:PSS and its electrical and optical properties. Removing the sodium ions weakens the coulombic interaction between the PEDOT and PSS chains, which leads to a linear conformation. This conformational change enhances the electrical conductivity and work function. Furthermore, transmittance in the visible region increased remarkably because the intrinsic electrical properties of the PEDOT:PSS particles were improved. Moreover, the colloidal stability was enhanced because the particle coagulation caused by residual sodium ions was reduced. In summary, we determined that sodium ions in PEDOT:PSS have a considerable influence on its electrical and optical properties and colloidal stability for practical applications.

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Effects of one- and two-dimensional carbon hybridization of PEDOT:PSS on the power factor of polymer thermoelectric energy conversion devices

Abstract: Synergic effects of conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, and graphene result in the enhanced thermoelectric properties of nanocomposites.

Cited by 153 publications

References 34 publications

Review—Organic Materials for Thermoelectric Energy Generation

Review—Organic Materials for Thermoelectric Energy Generation

Large-scalable RTCVD Graphene/PEDOT:PSS hybrid conductive film for application in transparent and flexible thermoelectric nanogenerators

Influence of residual sodium ions on the structure and properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)

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