Effects of Optogenetic Stimulation of Primary Somatosensory Cortex and Its Projections to Striatum on Vibrotactile Perception in Freely Moving Rats

Sun, Zongpeng; Schneider, Artur; Alyahyay, Mansour; Karvat, Golan; Diester, Ilka

doi:10.1523/eneuro.0453-20.2021

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…However, in other instances produced no identifiable effect (32). Furthermore, various optogenetic cell type stimulations of the S1 cortex and its projections bias (i.e., potentiate or suppress) somatosensory perception, whereas others did not affect perception at all (33). Based on this in our experiments, it would be unlikely that mice felt precisely the same interoceptive sensation in each optogenetic manipulation tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Optoception: perception of optogenetic brain stimulation

Luis-Islas

Luna

Florán

et al. 2021

Preprint

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How do animals experience brain manipulations? Optogenetics has allowed us to manipulate selectively and interrogate neural circuits underlying brain function in health and disease. However, in addition to their evoked physiological functions, it is currently unknown whether mice could perceive arbitrary optogenetic stimulations. To address this issue, mice were trained to report optogenetic stimulations to obtain rewards and avoid punishments. It was found that mice could perceive optogenetic manipulations regardless of the brain area modulated, their rewarding effects, or the stimulation of glutamatergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic cell types. We named this phenomenon optoception. Our findings reveal that mice’s brains are capable of “monitoring” their self-activity via interoception, opening a new way to introduce information to the brain and control brain-computer interfaces.One Sentence SummaryBrain manipulations are perceived

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Optoception: perception of optogenetic brain stimulation

Luis-Islas

Luna

Florán

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…We hypothesized that FreiPose would be capable of detecting deviant behaviors caused by e.g., optogenetic stimulation. This capability would be particularly useful in control studies of optogenetic experiments because it is often required to test for unintended influences of the optogenetic stimulation (Aravanis et al, 2007; Gradinaru et al, 2009; Sun et al, 2021). To test whether FreiPose is suitable for detecting overt behavior during optogenetic stimulation, we injected rats unilaterally with a ChR2-carrying viral vector in the front paw area of the motor cortex.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a series of experiments, we showcased possible applications of FreiPose. In an optogenetic experiment, we demonstrated that FreiPose can control for the unintended motor effects (Aravanis et al, 2007; Gradinaru et al, 2009; Ebina et al, 2019; Sun et al, 2021) of the stimulation. FreiPose enabled the quantification of overt movements due to optogenetic perturbations in the motor cortex with minimal additional experimental effort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

3D pose estimation enables virtual head-fixation in freely moving rats

Schneider

Zimmermann²,

Alyahyay

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The impact of spontaneous movements on neuronal activity has created the need to quantify behavior. We present a versatile framework to directly capture the 3D motion of freely definable body points in a marker-free manner with high precision and reliability. Combining the tracking with neural recordings revealed multiplexing of information in the motor cortex neurons of freely moving rats. By integrating multiple behavioral variables into a model of the neural response, we derived a virtual head-fixation for which the influence of specific body movements was removed. This strategy enabled us to analyze the behavior of interest (e.g., front paw movements). Thus, we unveiled an unexpectedly large fraction of neurons in the motor cortex with tuning to the paw movements, which was previously masked by body posture tuning. Once established, our framework can be efficiently applied to large datasets while minimizing the experimental workload caused by animal training and manual labeling.

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“…More than 10% of the initial radiation passed through the skin and skull samples. Since neurons involved in optogenetic stimulation are located in the brain cortex [66]- [68], this amount of irradiation should be sufficient for the actuation of phytochrome/opsins by two-photon absorption in the area of light-biotissue interaction. It is worth noting that an additional increase in the depth of penetration can be achieved using optical clearing methods [73], [74], but this is beyond the scope of research in this paper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be mentioned that the sample included a 1.5 mm brain which is characterised by high light absorption. However, the main optogenetic applications do not require a deep penetration into brain tissues, since the neurons involved in stimulation and monitoring are located in the brain cortex [66]- [68]. Therefore, the main aspect is the light transmittance through the skin and skull bone.…”

Section: B Transmission Measurements With Cw and Pulsed Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Short Laser Pulses Propagation Through Mouse Head Tissues: Experimental and Computational Study

Galiakhmetova

Dremin

Koviarov

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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We present a prototype and verification of a multichannel laser system applicable to optogenetic research. In vivo photostimulation of neural cells expressing photoconvertible phytochromes or opsins requires enough light irradiation delivery to the brain that cannot be supported by continues-wave (CW) light sources. The use of ultra-short pulsed (USP) lasers operating in the second near-infrared region (II-NIR) and allowing nonlinear activation and deactivation of the photoactuators is a promising method that allows to increase the penetration depth and provide spatio-temporal localisation of radiation in tissues. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of USP light propagation in the skin, skull, and brain of the mouse head, as well as to compare it with the corresponding CW radiation propagation in the 750-830 nm and 1086-1183 nm wavelength ranges. The experimental results and computer modelling demonstrate that about 10-12% of the initial laser radiation can reach the brain tissues. These results prove that under certain conditions, the USP laser radiation can reach a penetration depth with required power that will be sufficient for non-linear activation of opsins/phytochromes in the brain of living animals.

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Effects of Optogenetic Stimulation of Primary Somatosensory Cortex and Its Projections to Striatum on Vibrotactile Perception in Freely Moving Rats

Abstract: Effects of optogenetic stimulation of primary somatosensory cortex and its projections to striatum on vibrotactile perception in freely moving rats

Cited by 13 publications

References 66 publications

Optoception: perception of optogenetic brain stimulation

Optoception: perception of optogenetic brain stimulation

3D pose estimation enables virtual head-fixation in freely moving rats

Ultra-Short Laser Pulses Propagation Through Mouse Head Tissues: Experimental and Computational Study

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