Effects of Oral Administration of Soybean Lecithin Transphosphatidylated Phosphatidylserine on Impaired Learning of Passive Avoidance in Mice

Furushiro, Masayoshi; Shishido, Yoshihiro; Sakai, Masashi; Yamatoya, Hideyuki; Kudo, Satoshi; Hashimoto, Shusuke; Yokokura, Teruo

doi:10.1254/jjp.75.447

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It has been confirmed that SB-tPS does not alter the pain threshold of mice in the hot plate test (9). In addition, as mentioned above, SB-tPS did not affect any parameters in the open-field test ( Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Enhanced Learning of Normal Adult Rodents by Repeated Oral Administration of Soybean Transphosphatidylated Phosphatidylserine

Kataoka-Kato¹,

Ukai²,

Sakai³

et al. 2005

J Pharmacol Sci

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Abstract. Soybean lecithin transphosphatidylated phosphatidylserine (SB-tPS) is already known to improve the learning ability of aged or drug-induced amnesic rodents. In this study, its effect on normal adult rodents was evaluated using several learning tasks. Firstly, three behavioral tests (open-field, Y-maze, and active avoidance test) were consecutively carried out after the daily oral administration of SB-tPS (50 mg / kg per day, for 34 days). Repeated oral administration of SB-tPS did not affect either exploratory behavior in the open-field test or spontaneous alternation behavior in the Y-maze test, while mice pretreated with SB-tPS showed significant enhancement of conditioned avoidance response. Secondly, the brightness discrimination test was used to evaluate the effect of SB-tPS on learning ability. The daily oral administration of SB-tPS (50 mg / kg per day, for 27 days) to normal rats significantly increased the correct response ratio in the brightness discrimination test. Finally, to elucidate the necessity of SB-tPS pretreatment, another active avoidance test was carried out, and no enhancement of conditioned avoidance response was observed in non-pretreated mice. These results suggest that repeated administration of SB-tPS could enhance the learning ability of normal adult rodents as those of aged ones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Enhanced Learning of Normal Adult Rodents by Repeated Oral Administration of Soybean Transphosphatidylated Phosphatidylserine

Kataoka-Kato¹,

Ukai²,

Sakai³

et al. 2005

J Pharmacol Sci

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“…An alternative for supplying PS is transphosphatidylation, in which the polar head group of lecithin (such as soybean lecithin) is exchanged with L-serine by phospholipase D (PLD) (6,7). The pharmacological effects of PS enzymatically synthesized from soybean lecithin were confirmed using several experimental animals (8)(9)(10).…”

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confidence: 99%

An aqueous suspension system for phospholipase D‐mediated synthesis of PS without toxic organic solvent

Iwasaki

Mizumoto

Okada

et al. 2003

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Enzymatic synthesis of PS by phospholipase D (PLD)-mediated transphosphatidylation in an aqueous media was investigated. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel synthetic method where no toxic organic solvents were used. An attempt to react soybean lecithin (simply dispersed in an aqueous buffer) with an aqueous solution of L-serine and PLD was unsuccessful, giving only 20% of PS. By contrast, a suspension of lecithin adsorbed on fine powders such as silica was effectively converted into PS in an aqueous solution of Lserine and PLD. After screening various powders for use as the lecithin adsorbent, calcium sulfate was found to be the best with respect to lecithin conversion. In addition, calcium sulfate did not require prior adsorption of lecithin (i.e., the reaction proceeded effectively simply by adding the powder to an aqueous mixture of lecithin, L-serine, and PLD). With this "aqueous suspension system" of calcium sulfate, up to 180 mg/mL lecithin was completely converted, resulting in more than 80% PS in 24 h. The synthesized PS could easily be recovered from the powder by extracting with a mixture of n-hexane, ethanol, and diluted HCl.

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“…Also, other experiments have shown an improvement in memory, learning capacity, and other cognitive parameters in PS-supplemented rodents [7][8][9][10][11]. This is plausible, since PS was found to stimulate neurotransmitter release [7,12], increase brain glucose metabolism [13,14] and reduce oxidative stress in the brain [15].…”

Section: Phosphatidylserine (Ps) and Phosphatidic Acid (Pa) In Memorymentioning

confidence: 87%

Soy Lecithin-Derived Phosphatidylserine Plus Phosphatidic Acid: Effects on Brain Functions in Elderly Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia

Moré¹,

Rutenberg²

2017

J Aging Sci

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Phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylserine (PS) and are natural constituents of healthy brain cell membranes, which have been recognized since the 1970s as essential to normal neuronal functioning. PA is a precursor in the formation of other phospholipids, including PS and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Also, it has an impact on membrane rigidity/flexibility, which is important in modulating exo-and endocytosis. PS is also an important precursor for PE synthesis. Since PS predominantly occurs in brain cells, but normal diets do not include the consumption of brains, PS is available to our brains mostly via natural "production" in our bodies.Here, we present a tabulated literature survey of clinical studies on PS and/or PA regarding brain function in elderly people. In addition we give a summary on two of our our already published pilot studies performed with a brain-health food supplement containing a proprietary blend of 100 mg PS and 80 mg PA produced from soy lecithin: A three-month double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrated the positive influence of three PS+PA capsules/ day, (300 mg PS+240 mg PA per day; n=40)) or placebo (n=32) on memory and mood in functioning, non-depressive elderly people with memory problems. In a two-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, three PS+PA capsules/day (300 mg PS+240 mg PA per day; n=56) or placebo (n=40) improved daily functioning, mental health, emotional state, and self-reported general condition in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Altogether there is encouraging clinical data that PS+PA supplementation could be beneficial to AD patients and other elderly people with memory or cognition problems. Long-term studies are, however, still lacking. Keywords: Phosphatidylserine (PS) and Phosphatidic Acid (PA) in MemoryThe membrane phospholipids phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylserine (PS) are essential to cellular functioning, acting as a biological detergent, keeping fatty substances soluble and cell membranes flexible [1,2]. During the pathogenesis of several age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, the neuronal membrane lipid composition is altered in the brain [3,4]. Also, the lipid raft composition appears to be altered in neurodegenerative diseases [5]. PS (and PA), produced by enzymatic conversion of soybean lecithin, avoids possible regulatory and safety issues regarding bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Soy lecithin-derived PS is absorbed and metabolized, with elevated serum levels for at least 1.5 hours after an oral dose, as has been shown within a kinetic study on 8 human volunteers. The baseline serum level of PS in relation to the level of total serum phospholipids was around 2%. 30 minutes after ingestion, it started to increase, peaking at 90 minutes after intake at around 4%, and returning to the basal level 180 minutes after intake [23].Recently, oral administration of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) -transphosphatidylated PS has been shown to improve memory imp...

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Effects of Oral Administration of Soybean Lecithin Transphosphatidylated Phosphatidylserine on Impaired Learning of Passive Avoidance in Mice

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Enhanced Learning of Normal Adult Rodents by Repeated Oral Administration of Soybean Transphosphatidylated Phosphatidylserine

Enhanced Learning of Normal Adult Rodents by Repeated Oral Administration of Soybean Transphosphatidylated Phosphatidylserine

An aqueous suspension system for phospholipase D‐mediated synthesis of PS without toxic organic solvent

Soy Lecithin-Derived Phosphatidylserine Plus Phosphatidic Acid: Effects on Brain Functions in Elderly Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia

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