Effects of Oral Cadmium Exposure on Renal Glomerular and Tubular Functions in the Rat

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The effects of orally consumed cadmium on the functions of the kidney have been investigated in rats based on the reported level of the toxicant in Warri River. Relative to the corresponding controls there were significant (P < 0.05) increases in the amount of cadmium in the kidneys of rats in all the test groups. Biochemical analysis revealed significant (P < 0.05) changes in plasma creatinine after 2 months (control -1.20 ± 0.20 × 10 −2; test -0.92 ± 0.26 × 10 −2 µg/ml) and glucose after 1-month (control -91.67 ± 3.39; test -102.75 ± 5.99 mg/dL) exposure.Twenty-four hours urine volume were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in rats exposed to cadmium for 1 and 2 months. Also in the Cd-exposed rats urine protein was significantly elevated in those exposed for 2 and 3 months but their urine glucose was demonstratively elevated only in those exposed for 2 months (control -33.00 ± 7.80; test -43.00 ± 9.80 mg/dL). Urine creatinine was not significantly altered in any of the test groups. Consistently there were significant (P < 0.05) decreases in total ATPase and Mg 2+ -ATPase activities at the end of the 2 and 3 months exposure when compared to the controls @JASEM

Onion (Allium cepa) extract prevents cadmium induced renal dysfunction

“…This goes along with the findings of Asagba and Obi[17] that cadmium toxicity brings about a reduction in 24 hour Urine Volume. This is because cadmium (as well as most other heavy metals) interferes with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and tubular processes (tubular re-absorption and tubular secretion)[18] which are the major determinants of Urine Volume.…”

“…Table 3 shows that there was no significant difference in 24 hour urine volume of animals pretreated with onion before cadmium administration and the control, while there was significant ( P > 0.05) reduction in animals treated with cadmium only. This goes along with the findings of Asagba and Obi[ 17 ] that cadmium toxicity brings about a reduction in 24 hour Urine Volume. This is because cadmium (as well as most other heavy metals) interferes with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and tubular processes (tubular re-absorption and tubular secretion)[ 18 ] which are the major determinants of Urine Volume.…”

Effects of metals cadmium and chromium alone and in combination on the liver and kidney tissue of male Spraque‐Dawley rats: An ultrastructural and electron‐energy‐loss spectroscopy investigation

“…Zinc is a cofactor essential for ALP function and with zinc displacement ALP synthesis and function is compromised (Suzuki et al, ). Compared to the control, creatinine levels were significantly lower in the metal combination group and may indicate renal tubular dysfunction (Asagba & Obi ; Babaknejad, Moshtaghie, Shahanipour, & Bahrami, ). Several researchers have also reported lower ALP and creatinine levels after exposed to Cr (Kumar & Kumar, ; Kumar, Rana, & Prakash, ).…”

Protective effect of Geophila obvallata (Shumach) Didr leaf extract and its fractions against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats

“…Preliminary studies by this author has shown that the crude methanol extract (Me70) had a significantly higher concentration of bioactive principles with antioxidant properties such as phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids as well as strong reducing powers and scavenging potential against unstable atoms in vitro than the aqueous extract, non-toxic at 100 mg/kg bwt [ 11 , 12 ]. Asagba and Obi [ 13 ] had previously reported that drinking-water contaminated with 0.3 mg Cd/L can cause alterations in major biochemical indices of experimental rats. In the absence of documented scientific data on the potential of Geophila obvallata in literature, this research explored the protective effect of Me70 and its fractions in reversing cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats.…”