Effects of oral isosorbide and glycerol on intraocular pressure, serum osmolality, and blood glucose in normal dogs

Abstract

Neither glycerol nor isosorbide significantly affected IOP when compared to the control. However, glycerol induced significant elevations in both BG relative to the control and SOSM relative to isosorbide.

A review of the pharmacology of osmotic agents for the treatment of glaucoma in dogs

“…Still they consider that it is possible that the trend of decreased IOP would have approached significance had this evaluation included glaucomatous subjects. This is supported by previous studies, which determined that both isosorbide (Wisznia et al, 1970;Kulshrestha and Mittal, 1972) and glycerol (Drance, 1964;Consul and Kulshrestha, 1965) are significantly more effective at lowering IOP in glaucomatous versus normotensive human patients (Wasserman et al, 2013).…”

“…However, the overall changes in IOP were not significant when compared to the controls. Therefore, the authors claim that neither glycerol nor isosorbide significantly affected IOP when compared to the control (Wasserman et al, 2013). Still they consider that it is possible that the trend of decreased IOP would have approached significance had this evaluation included glaucomatous subjects.…”

“…The literature revealed only four studies on the effect of osmotic agents on IOP in dogs (Gilroy, 1986;Lorimer et al 1989;Volopich et al, 2006;Wasserman et al, 2013). Gilroy (1986) did not find any effect of a mannitol infusion (0.25 g/kg) on the IOP in dogs.…”

Medical Treatment of Primary Canine Glaucoma

“…This drug is specifically contraindicated in patients with diabetes mellitus because it is eventually converted to glucose. 70 …”

“…69 In a more recent study, oral glycerol, at a dose of 1.5 g/kg, administered to healthy canines reduced IOP by 17% from baseline values; however, this decrease in IOP was not significant compared with the control group. 70 Major side effects of glycerin include nausea or vomiting, an effect that seems to be dose dependent. Weight gain may occur with chronic use.…”