Effects of orbitofrontal cortex lesions on autoshaped lever pressing and reversal learning

Chang, Stephen E.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.029

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous studies indicate crucial involvement of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in reversal learning. One PFC region, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), is thought to be particularly important, as OFC lesions consistently result in impaired reversal learning (47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54). SAPAP3 -/display altered OFC-striatal activity (16,17) and deficits in behavioral response inhibition that can be rescued by optogenetic stimulation of the OFC-striatal network (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral flexibility in an OCD mouse model: Impaired Pavlovian reversal learning in SAPAP3 mutants

Boom

Mooij

Misevičiūtė

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by obsessive thinking, compulsive behavior, and anxiety, and is often accompanied by cognitive deficits. The neuropathology of OCD involves dysregulation of cortical-striatal circuits. Similar to OCD patients, SAPAP3 knockout mice 3 (SAPAP3 -/-) exhibit compulsive behavior (grooming), anxiety, and dysregulated cortical-striatal function. However, it is unknown whether SAPAP3 -/display cognitive deficits and how these different behavioral traits relate to one another. SAPAP3 -/and wild-type littermates (WT) were trained in a Pavlovian conditioning task pairing the delivery of visual cues with that of sucrose solution. After mice learned to discriminate between a reward-predicting conditioned stimulus (CS+) and a non-reward stimulus (CS-), contingencies were reversed (CS+ became CS-and vice versa). Additionally, we assessed grooming, anxiety, and general activity. SAPAP3 -/acquired Pavlovian approach behavior similarly to WT, albeit less vigorously and with a different strategy. However, unlike WT, SAPAP3 -/were unable to adapt their behavior after contingency reversal, exemplified by a lack of re-establishing CS+ approach behavior (sign tracking). Surprisingly, such behavioral inflexibility, decreased vigor, compulsive grooming, and anxiety were unrelated. This study demonstrates that SAPAP3 -/are capable of Pavlovian learning, but lack flexibility to adapt associated conditioned approach behavior. Thus, SAPAP3 -/do not only display compulsivelike behavior and anxiety, but also cognitive deficits, confirming and extending the validity of SAPAP3 -/as a suitable model for OCD. The observation that compulsive-like behavior, anxiety, and behavioral inflexibility were unrelated suggests a non-causal relationship between these traits and may be of clinical relevance for OCD patients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral flexibility in an OCD mouse model: Impaired Pavlovian reversal learning in SAPAP3 mutants

Boom

Mooij

Misevičiūtė

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As with the cohort approach, all animals tested herein were exposed to PCA training with a lever, leading to the question of why there was so little goal-tracking observed to the lever in the present experiments. Others (Boakes 1977;Davey et al 1982;Chang et al 2012;Chang and Holland 2013;Chang 2014;Holland et al 2014) have observed a similar bias toward sign-tracking to a lever as that observed herein when training took place in conjunction with an additional control lever that was never followed by food (Lever2); consistent with this hypothesis, both sign-tracking rates to the lever and goal-tracking rates to the tone were higher in the 4-CS PCA experiment, where both stimuli were trained with a never-reinforced counterpart (Lever2 and Tone2). Additionally, Other than the single between-subject experiment presented herein (although no goal-trackers were identified in that experiment either), all animals were trained with at least one additional stimulus, leaving open the possibility that including any element of discrimination in training may promote sign-tracking to the food-associated lever (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolating the incentive salience of reward-associated stimuli: value, choice, and persistence

Beckmann

Chow

2015

Learn. Mem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sign-and goal-tracking are differentially associated with drug abuse-related behavior. Recently, it has been hypothesized that sign-and goal-tracking behavior are mediated by different neurobehavioral valuation systems, including differential incentive salience attribution. Herein, we used different conditioned stimuli to preferentially elicit different response types to study the different incentive valuation characteristics of stimuli associated with sign-and goal-tracking within individuals. The results demonstrate that all stimuli used were equally effective conditioned stimuli; however, only a lever stimulus associated with sign-tracking behavior served as a robust conditioned reinforcer and was preferred over a tone associated with goal-tracking. Moreover, the incentive value attributed to the lever stimulus was capable of promoting suboptimal choice, leading to a significant reduction in reinforcers (food) earned. Furthermore, sign-tracking to a lever was more persistent than goal-tracking to a tone under omission and extinction contingencies. Finally, a conditional discrimination procedure demonstrated that sign-tracking to a lever and goal-tracking to a tone were dependent on learned stimulus -reinforcer relations. Collectively, these results suggest that the different neurobehavioral valuation processes proposed to govern sign-and goal-tracking behavior are independent but parallel processes within individuals. Examining these systems within individuals will provide a better understanding of how one system comes to dominate stimulus -reward learning, thus leading to the differential role these systems play in abuse-related behavior.

show abstract

“…Notably, lights are known to elicit goal-tracking behavior (Holland, 1977; Cleland and Davey, 1983; Beckmann and Chow, 2015), described as approach to the location of reward delivery (Boakes, 1977), when a food US is used and are not accompanied by the attribution of incentive value that has been shown to promote suboptimal choice behavior. Importantly, it has been shown that rats have a tendency to sign-track to a lever CS (Davey et al 1982; Chang, 2014; Holland et al 2014), and levers associated with sign-tracking behavior function as robust conditioned reinforcers (Robinson and Flagel, 2009). Therefore, in the present study we examined how different terminal-link stimuli, with and without incentive salience (i.e., levers vs. lights), can influence decision-making in rats using a suboptimal choice procedure (Smith et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suboptimal choice in rats: Incentive salience attribution promotes maladaptive decision-making

Chow

Smith

Wilson

et al. 2017

Behavioural Brain Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stimuli that are more predictive of subsequent reward also function as better conditioned reinforcers. Moreover, stimuli attributed with incentive salience function as more robust conditioned reinforcers. Some theories have suggested that conditioned reinforcement plays an important role in promoting suboptimal choice behavior, like gambling. The present experiments examined how different stimuli, those attributed with incentive salience versus those without, can function in tandem with stimulus-reward predictive utility to promote maladaptive decision-making in rats. One group of rats had lights associated with goal-tracking as the reward-predictive stimuli and another had levers associated with sign-tracking as the reward-predictive stimuli. All rats were first trained on a choice procedure in which the expected value across both alternatives was equivalent but differed in their stimulus-reward predictive utility. Next, the expected value across both alternatives was systematically changed so that the alternative with greater stimulus-reward predictive utility was suboptimal in regard to primary reinforcement. The results demonstrate that in order to obtain suboptimal choice behavior, incentive salience alongside strong stimulus-reward predictive utility may be necessary; thus, maladaptive decision-making can be driven more by the value attributed to stimuli imbued with incentive salience that reliably predict a reward rather than the reward itself.

show abstract

Effects of orbitofrontal cortex lesions on autoshaped lever pressing and reversal learning

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Behavioral flexibility in an OCD mouse model: Impaired Pavlovian reversal learning in SAPAP3 mutants

Behavioral flexibility in an OCD mouse model: Impaired Pavlovian reversal learning in SAPAP3 mutants

Isolating the incentive salience of reward-associated stimuli: value, choice, and persistence

Suboptimal choice in rats: Incentive salience attribution promotes maladaptive decision-making

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About