Effects of organic acids on paraquat activity in maize

Jang, Se Ji; Kim, S.S.; Bak, H.Y.; Yun, Young Beom; Kuk, Yong In

doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2019.03.034

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The leaves of chickpea are coated with 95% of malic acid and 5% of oxalic acid (Koundal and Sinha, 1981). In maize (Zea mays L.), paraquat (100 mM) caused injury by 69%-82% (Jang et al, 2019). However, leaf injury on maize plants did not appear when paraquat (100 mM) was mixed with malic acid or oxalic acid (1%) (Jang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In maize (Zea mays L.), paraquat (100 mM) caused injury by 69%-82% (Jang et al, 2019). However, leaf injury on maize plants did not appear when paraquat (100 mM) was mixed with malic acid or oxalic acid (1%) (Jang et al, 2019). This suggests that malic and oxalic acid contents in chickpea leaves might have nullified the activity of paraquat in chickpea and need further investigation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The first report of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) tolerance to Paraquat in Australia

Mahajan¹,

Chauhan²

2022

Front. Agron.

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Chickpea growers in Australia have no post-emergent (POST) herbicides labeled for broadleaf weed control and they rely on pre-emergent herbicides for control of broadleaf weeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate chickpea tolerance to POST application of paraquat (0, 90, 180, 360, and 540 g ai ha-1) in a randomized complete block design. Paraquat (180 g ai ha-1) applied POST (up to 10 days after crop emergence) did not injure chickpeas and reduce plant height, and biomass when compared with nontreated control. When the crop just emerged, even the highest dose of paraquat (540 g ai ha-1) did not cause any injury or reduce chickpea biomass compared with nontreated control. Moderate toxicity to chickpea at paraquat 360 or 540 g ai ha-1 was observed when applied 20 days after crop emergence. This study suggests that paraquat POST has the potential to provide broad-spectrum weed control, including broadleaf weeds at an early stage of chickpea. However, the potential for crop injury to paraquat at higher doses, especially when applied at a late stage of the crop warrants further evaluation under field conditions. The study also suggests that tank mix applications of paraquat with residual herbicides may be useful for season-long weed control in chickpea and result in improved yield. The current study warrants further evaluation of the tank-mix application of paraquat with pre-emergent herbicides for season-long weed control under field conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first report of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) tolerance to Paraquat in Australia

Mahajan¹,

Chauhan²

2022

Front. Agron.

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“…Although there was detoxification, the rate seemed not efficiently enough to degrade both herbicides during the first few days of germination. Therefore, exogenous supporters are needed as effective helper in mitigating the herbicide effects ( Jang et al., 2019 ). The use of NA safener as seed-dressing could help seedlings to detoxify both herbicides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To cope with harsh conditions, plants developed endogenous defense mechanisms; however, these mechanisms are often not enough in the susceptible species. The protection of plants from herbicide phytotoxicity could be promoted by exogenous supporters to mitigate the herbicide effects ( Jang et al., 2019 ) or by safeners such as NA through increasing herbicide detoxification ( Hatzios, 2000 ). Generally, safeners are compounds that are utilized to protect crops from herbicidal injury ( Hatzios, 2000 ; Deng and Hatzios, 2003 ; Nemat Alla and Hassan, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naphthalic anhydride decreases persistence of alachlor and atrazine and elevates tolerance of maize

Alla

Hassan

2020

Heliyon

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The present study aimed at alleviating the impacts of alachlor (Ala) or atrazine (Atr) on maize growth by seed-dressing with naphthalic anhydride (NA, 0.4% w/w by seed weight). The dressed and undressed seeds were germinated for 10 days and treated with Ala or Atr at 3.2 or 1.8 kg ha −1 , respectively, then the herbicide residues were determined in shoots one day after treatment. Atr residues were higher than Ala and remained in the same level for the 2 nd day then retracted consistently up to 12 days. Meanwhile, GSH and GST were significantly induced while growth parameters were reduced; the effect of Atr was higher than Ala. Nonetheless, ABA, phenolics and anthocyanins as well as PAL, TAL and CI were increased but IAA was decreased coincidently with enhanced IAA-O and peroxidase. The immediate detection of the herbicide residues could conclude that growth reduction as elucidated from the decreased IAA concomitant with elevating ABA, phenolics and anthocyanin contents and enzyme activities are consequences of the herbicide persistence. The drop of IAA was preceded by the stimulation of IAA-O and peroxidase while the increased phenolics and anthocyanins followed PAL, TAL and CI stimulation confirming the regulatory roles of these enzymes. The application of NA greatly lowered the herbicide residues concurrently with ameliorations in growth parameters, GSH, GST, and maintained the balancing of secondary metabolites and plant growth regulators. Lowering Ala and Atr residues by NA in synchronization with enhanced GSH and GST could conclude that NA encouraged the detoxification of the herbicide. Moreover, the balances of IAA, ABA, phenolics and anthocyanins were mostly maintained in normal levels concomitantly with growth ameliorations suggesting that phytohormones and secondary metabolites are involved in the elevation of maize tolerance to Ala and Atr.

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“…AMF symbiosis can also increase the number of microorganisms and soil microbial enzymes in the maize rhizosphere [ 34 ], improving maize resistance to sheath blight [ 35 ]. It was also found that the organic acids secreted by maize roots can alleviate paraquat damage to maize [ 36 ]. Nevertheless, the effect of AMF symbiosis on root exudates of maize is rarely reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal symbiosis promotes the nutrient content accumulation and affects the root exudates in maize

Wang

Yang

et al. 2022

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a group of important symbiotic microorganisms found in ecosystems. Maize is the second most produced food crop globally. To investigate the mechanisms by which mycorrhizal symbiosis improves maize yields, the effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis on root vigor, nutrient accumulation in various tissues, and root exudates were investigated. We propose the following hypothesis: The secretion of organic acids in root exudates has antagonistic or synergistic effects, which are related to the rhizosphere environment. AMF symbiosis will enhance this effect. Result Rhizophagus aggreatus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and Funneliformis mosseae were used to inoculate maize plants separately; meanwhile, maize was inoculated with the above three fungi together for another processing. The plant tissues were sampled at five growth stages: V12 (twelve-leaf), VT (Tassel), R1 (Silking), R2 (Blister), and R4 (Dough stage). The root vigor, and nutrient content in different maize organs and organic acids in root exudates were determined in these stages. The results show that mycorrhizal symbiosis significantly improved the root vigor of maize, especially for plants inoculated with F. mosseae. AMF symbiosis significantly increased N, P, and K accumulation. Mixed inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly promoted the accumulation of N and K in maize. P accumulation was significantly promoted by C. etunicatum inoculation. Mycorrhizal symbiosis reduced the levels of protocatechuic, vanillic, citric, and ferulic acid in maize root exudates and increased the levels of p-hydroxybenzoic and caffeic acid. Except for syringic, chlorogenic and succinic acid, the levels of other organic acids in root exudates were higher in plants inoculated with F. mosseae than in other treatments. Conclusion This study demonstrates that mycorrhizal symbiosis improves root vigor and promotes nutrient accumulation at various sites; in addition, mycorrhizal symbiosis affects the content of organic acids in root exudates.

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Effects of organic acids on paraquat activity in maize

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

The first report of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) tolerance to Paraquat in Australia

The first report of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) tolerance to Paraquat in Australia

Naphthalic anhydride decreases persistence of alachlor and atrazine and elevates tolerance of maize

Mycorrhizal symbiosis promotes the nutrient content accumulation and affects the root exudates in maize

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