Effects of organic inorganic hybrid perovskite materials on the electronic properties and morphology of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) and the photovoltaic performance of planar perovskite solar cells

Xia, Yijie; Sun, Kuan; Chang, Jingjing; Ouyang, Jianyong

doi:10.1039/c5ta03456f

Cited by 85 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Without mask the current density is overestimated because the active area is underestimated, due to enhanced conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS after the spin coating of the perovskite precursor. [47] For Figure 3a, a Keithley 2400 was used for sweeping the voltage (−0.5 → 1.5 V or vice versa) at a scan rate of 0.25 V s −1 . This measurement was done after the slow-sweep measurements, [42,43] which is shown in Figure 3a as well and used for all other data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Thermal Annealing of Perovskite Solar Cells with In Situ Photoluminescence

Franeker

Hendriks

Bruijnaers

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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organic cations. This unprecedented fast development stimulates further research in this unique class of solutionprocessable semiconducting materials. Next to improving device performance, examples of current issues in the field are the fabrication of tandem devices, [6,7] concerns about lead toxicity, [8,9] device stability, [10] the photophysical properties, [11,12] and upscaling of the fabrication protocols. [13,14] By now many different processing routes have shown to lead to highly efficient methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI 3 ) solar cells. For example, various lead sources have been used in a single-step routine, such as lead acetate (Pb(OAc) 2 ), lead chloride (PbCl 2 ), and lead iodide (PbI 2 ), [15] or combinations thereof. [16,17] Other recipes that yield efficiencies exceeding 13% use different solvents, [18] nonsolvent washing, [19,20] alkyl halide additives, [21] acid additives, [22,23] hot casting, [23,24] and multistep processing routes. [3,25,26] The development of such a multitude of procedures is, at least in part, a consequence of the fact that it is not straightforward to reproduce the highest efficiency cells among different research groups. Whether this relates to differences in material sources and equipment, or to a lack of experience, is presently unknown. However, it evidences that there is generally a narrow processing window for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.A clear example of the subtleties in the processing of perovskite layers is the sensitivity to the exact thermal annealing conditions, such as duration and temperature, [27][28][29] which have resulted in the development of complex, e.g., ramped, annealing schemes. [30][31][32] The optimal annealing conditions may change with choice of precursors, deposition conditions, substrate type, and layer thickness. Thus, it is desirable to monitor annealing in situ, to find the optimal annealing time during the process itself, rather than after completing the entire solar cell. Two characterization methods are typically used to monitor the formation of a perovskite film during annealing: optical absorption [33,34] and X-ray diffraction (XRD). [33,35,36] However, changes in the absorption spectrum can be subtle, and are not easily related to device performance (see ref. [29] and this work). XRD is a powerful tool to study the formation of crystal structures, but is difficult to implement in situ in standard fabrication. Most importantly, the disadvantage of both methods is that they Layer deposition of organometal halide perovskites for solar cells usually involves tedious experimentation to establish the optimum processing conditions. Important parameters are the time and temperature of thermal annealing. Here, it is demonstrated that in situ photoluminescence allows to determine the optimal annealing procedure without fabricating complete solar cells. A deposition method is used in which dense layers of perovskite crystals are formed within seconds in ambient air by hot casting a mixture of lead acetate, lead chloride, and me...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Thermal Annealing of Perovskite Solar Cells with In Situ Photoluminescence

Franeker

Hendriks

Bruijnaers

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…[ 29 ] The conductivity of PEDOT:PSS can also be modifi ed through doping methods. [ 34 ] The inverted Pero-SCs based on these solutiontreated PEDOT:PSS fi lms delivered improved J sc . [ 31,32 ] The modifi cation of PEDOT:PSS can also help to improve the perovskite fi lm morphology.…”

Section: Modifi Ed Pedot:pssmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Film doping is often used to modify the PEDOT:PSS in the inverted Pero-SCs. [33][34][35] For example, mixing GeO 2 nanoparticles into PEDOT:PSS led to a rough surface of the HSC. [ 29 ] The conductivity of PEDOT:PSS can also be modifi ed through doping methods.…”

Section: Modifi Ed Pedot:pssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: Progresses and Perspectives

Liu

Chen

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

427

377

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During the past 6 years, perovskite solar cells have experienced a rapid development and shown great potential as the next‐generation photovoltaics. For the perovskite solar cells with regular structure (n‐i‐p structure), device efficiency has reached over 20% after the intense efforts of researchers from all over the world. Recently, perovskite solar cells with the inverted structure (p‐i‐n structure) have been becoming more and more attractive, owing to their easy‐fabrication, cost‐effectiveness, and suppressed hysteresis characteristics. Some recent progress in their device performance and stability has indicated their promising future. Here, recent developments and future perspectives about inverted perovskite solar cells are reviewed. Interface engineering, film morphology control, device stability, hysteresis phenomena and other research hotspots are discussed to present the roadmap for the development of inverted perovskite solar cells.

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“…Meanwhile, there is one possibility that a number of charge carriers can travel laterally and then recombine at defect sites, which exist in high density at the interfaces . Take poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiphene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as an example, which is one of the most popular hole transfer materials due to its high thermal stability, sufficient optical transparency, good mechanical flexibility, and easy adjustable carriers concentration and mobility . To enhance the carrier transport ability in the PEDOT:PSS hole transfer layer (HTL), most of the previous works are dedicated to improve the carrier concentration and mobility .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of In‐Plane Charge Transport in Hole Transfer Layer to Achieve High Fill Factor for Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Yang

et al. 2019

Solar RRL

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Charge extraction at the active layer‐electrode interfaces is critical in obtaining highly efficient planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It is commonly achieved by enhancing the charge carrier mobility of the charge transfer layer (CTL) that possesses a desirable energy level. Nevertheless, the in‐plane movement of charge carriers in the CTL possibly leads to severe charge recombination in the presence of defects at the interfaces. To verify this overlooked possibility, herein, an oxidized monolayer of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiphene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole transfer layer (HTL) is constructed by water rinsing followed by H2O2 oxidation. The oxidized PEDOT:PSS monolayer ensures a high charge transfer ability from perovskite to electrode, but at the same time limits in‐plane charge transport. An inverted planar PSC fabricated on the oxidized PEDOT:PSS monolayer yields a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.8%, higher than 17.0% of the control device based on a pristine PEDOT:PSS monolayer. The main contribution comes from the fill factor (FF), which is as high as 82%. Characterizations indicate that the conjugation length of PEDOT chains is decreased after H2O2 oxidation, which lowers the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS HTL in the in‐plane direction. This study suggests that the charge recombination at the electrode interfaces due to in‐plane charge transport in the CTLs is not to be neglected.

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Effects of organic inorganic hybrid perovskite materials on the electronic properties and morphology of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) and the photovoltaic performance of planar perovskite solar cells

Cited by 85 publications

References 49 publications

Monitoring Thermal Annealing of Perovskite Solar Cells with In Situ Photoluminescence

Monitoring Thermal Annealing of Perovskite Solar Cells with In Situ Photoluminescence

Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: Progresses and Perspectives

Inhibition of In‐Plane Charge Transport in Hole Transfer Layer to Achieve High Fill Factor for Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

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