Effects of orthodontic tooth movement on alveolar bone density

Abstract

The object of this study was to evaluate the relationship between changes in the alveolar bone density around the teeth and the direction of tooth movement by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT was used to measure the bone densities around six maxilla anterior teeth before and after 7 months of orthodontic treatment in eight patients. Each root was divided into three levels (cervical, intermediate, and apical) to determine whether the bone density change varied with the tooth level. Moreover, each level was divided into four regions (palatal, distal, mesial, and buccal sides). Three-dimensional computer models of the maxilla before and after orthodontic treatment were created to detect the direction of tooth movement. The percentage for all 144 samples [8 (patients) × 6 (teeth) × 3 (levels)] in which the side (palatal, distal, mesial, or buccal sides) of maximum bone density reduction (before and after orthodontic treatment) coincided with the direction of tooth movement was calculated; this was referred to as the "coincidence percentage". The bone density around the teeth reduced by 24.3 ± 9.5%. The average coincidence percentage for the eight patients was 59.0%. The coincidence percentages for the eight patients were 62.5%, 62.5%, and 52.1% at the cervical, intermediate, and apical levels, respectively. The obtained results demonstrate that the direction of tooth movement is associated with the side of maximum bone density reduction, and that CBCT is a useful approach for evaluating bone density changes around teeth induced by orthodontic treatment.

Expression of HMGB1 in the periodontal tissue subjected to orthodontic force application by Waldo’s method in mice

“…Orthodontic tooth movement takes place as a result of bone remodeling of alveolar bone around tooth roots including bone resorption at the compression side and bone apposition at the tension side (Chang et al 2012). In tooth movement group, bone remodeling process at the tension side was activated by the stretched PDL and many osteoclasts were present at the bone surface to act as old bone remover to initiate following bone regeneration.…”

The assessment of trabecular bone parameters and cortical bone strength: A comparison of micro-CT and dental cone-beam CT

“…The use of dental CBCT in clinical dental treatment has become commonplace primarily due to its advantages of being relatively inexpensive and delivering a low radiation dosage (Chang et al, 2012;Hsu et al, 2011;Loubele et al, 2009;Tsiklakis et al, 2005). In addition, dental CBCT has a higher spatial resolution, which enables the shape and contour of bones to be measured precisely, facilitating accurate measurements of CSMI of rat femurs.…”

Bone mineral density in cone beam computed tomography: Only a few shades of gray

“…Several methods may be used to determine bone mineral density, including digital image analysis of microradiographs, single photon absorciometry, dual photon absorciometry, dual energy X-ray absorciometry (DEXA) and quantitative ultrasound [20][21][22] . However, these procedures present with limitations inherent to the techniques used because density is determined through images of superimposed structures, not producing tridimensional information [23,24] . Nowadays, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is one of the most useful medical imaging techniques for the acquisition of data regarding not only bone density, but the density of all the tissues of the body.…”