Effects of Osmotic and Light Stimulation on 3H-Taurine Efflux from Isolated Rod Outer Segments and Synthesis of Tauret in the Frog Retina

Abstract

After injection of 3H-taurine into eyeballs of frogs and maintenance for 3 h in darkness by a gentle shaking, an almost homogenous fraction of rod outer segments (ROS) was prepared. About a 22% decrease in tonicity caused by reducing NaCl in isotonic 225 mOsm normal solution caused a rapid increase in the rate coefficient of efflux of 3H-taurine from the ROS fraction. The peak level of increased efflux rate coefficient was 7-times higher than the basal isotonic level. This indicates that taurine could contribute essentially to the volume regulation, either via selective channels or a carrier transporter-mediated pathways. For further clarifying if taurine fluxes in the ROS are sensitive to the light, other experiments were performed. Neither light stimulation of dark-adapted ROSs fractions or dark stimulation of weakly illuminated ROSs revealed any detectable changes in the efflux rate coefficient of 3H-taurine. These results indicate that light-induced taurine efflux, if present in the ROS, must be small, compared with hypoosmotic induced efflux. Thus the question of light-induced release of taurine from ROS still remains to be clarified. In the second part of this study, using TLC (thin layer chromatography) in combination with 3H-taurine measurements we have tried to clarify whether frogs (Rana ridibunda) eye structures can synthesize tauret (retinylidenetaurine). In isolated retinal preparations almost no any noticeable radioactivity was detected compared with background level. The capability of the eye structures to synthesize tauret from 3H-taurine was revealed in the second whole eye injection experiment. About 0.3% of the total 3H-taurine pool taken up was converted into 3H-tauret in the dark-adapted frog retina. In the retina of frogs adapted to light compared with those which were dark adapted tauret quantities were remarkable lower--on average about half. These results are in agreement with our recent data obtained by HPLC, which indicate tauret levels several times higher in the dark-adapted frog retinae compared with those after long lasting light adaption. Taking into account these results one can conclude that the main structure able to synthesize 3H-tauret is probably pigment epithelium rather than retina.

Osmotic regulation and tissue localization of the myo‐inositol biosynthesis pathway in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae

“…However, for other vertebrates it is known that water and solutes are transported from the blood into the ocular fluid by ciliary epithelia to regulate ocular fluid tonicity (Sears, ). In addition, ciliary epithelia regulate the concentration of compatible organic osmolytes, including myo ‐inositol, in response to changes in tonicity (Khatami, ; Lin et al, ; Petrosian et al, ). The observed increase of IMPA1 immunoreactivity in ciliary epithelia/retina of tilapia larvae is consistent with an increase of ocular fluid tonicity to accommodate vision of euryhaline fish in saline water having different refractive properties than fresh water.…”