Effects of Osseodensification on Primary Stability of Cylindrical and Conical Implants—An Ex Vivo Study

Abstract

Primary stability is an important factor for dental implant success. In the past years, a new method for bone site preparation was introduced, named osseodensification (OD). OD produces a condensation of the trabecular portion of the bone, increasing bone-to-implant contact and primary stability. This study aims to compare the effect of OD in cylindrical and conical implants to conventional instrumentation. A total of forty implants, divided into four groups, were placed in porcine tibia: cylindrical conventional (1a), cylindrical OD (1b), conical conventional (2a) and conical OD (2b). Each implant was measured for implant stability quotient (ISQ), insertion torque (IT) and removal torque (RT). Group 2b showed the higher values for each of the evaluated parameters; groups 1b and 2b showed better results than 1a and 2a, respectively. Regarding the IT and RT, group 1b achieved higher values than group 2a, but not for ISQ. The inter-group comparison showed significant difference between groups 1a vs 2a, 1a vs 2b and 1b vs 2b for ISQ and 1a vs 1b and 1a vs 2b for RT analysis. OD resulted in improved ISQ, IT and RT of both cylindrical and conical implants.

Ex Vivo Analysis of Ability of Osseodensification to Improve Dental Implant Primary Stability Using Xenograft Bone Walls

“…Following a bone graft procedure, the bone substitute materials, such as xenografts and alloplastic biomaterials, assume a pivotal role as a scaffold fostering new bone formation. However, the bone that eventually materializes at the surgical site post-healing retains these biomaterials, consequently diminishing the concentration of collagen present, a fundamental component facilitating bone movement during the osseodensification process [39][40][41][42]. Given the prominent presence of bone substitute materials coupled with a diminished collagen concentration, the newly formed bone may not adhere to the established standards of the osseodensification technique, potentially culminating in a heightened susceptibility to bone fracture during the drilling phase [22,31,32].…”