Effects of Overlap Length on Flammability and Fire Hazard of Vertical Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Plate Array

An, Weiguang; Hu, Kaiyang; Wang, Tao; Peng, Lujun; Li, Song; Hu, Xiangming

doi:10.3390/polym12122826

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…On the one hand, the pyrolysis temperature of transformer oil is low, which reduces the difficulty of igniting the unburned sample. On the other hand, with increasing total oil content, more transformer oil is involved in the combustion, which increases the flame heat feedback and sample surface temperature 28,29 . In summary, for OTIP the flame spread rate increases with increasing immersion time, as the total oil content strongly affects the flame spread rate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of immersion time on the combustion characteristics of oil‐impregnated transformer insulating paperboard

et al. 2022

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Transformer insulating paperboard is an insulating material commonly used in the oil-filled equipment in substations, which is usually immersed in the transformer oil.In this study, the effects of immersion time on the combustion characteristics of oil-impregnated transformer insulating paperboard are studied using the thermogravimetric, UL94 vertical flammability, and cone calorimeter experiments. The experimental results show that the total oil content increases with increasing immersion time and reaches the saturation state in 240 h, with a saturation content of 14.7% ± 0.5%. However, the distribution of oil content inside the paperboard is uneven. At the saturation state, the surface oil content is 35.5%, being about 3 times of the core oil content. The results of UL94 vertical flammability experiments show that the flame spread rate increases with increasing immersion time and is controlled by the total oil content. In the cone calorimeter experiments, the time to ignition is significantly reduced compared to the clean paperboard. Unlike the flame spread rate, the ignition time is controlled by the surface oil content and barely varies with immersion time. The critical heat flux of oil-impregnated transformer insulating paperboard is found as 3.9 kW/m 2 , being only 1/3 of clean paperboard. With increasing immersion time, the peak heat release rate increases, while the total heat release, fire growth index, and effective heat of combustion present linear correlations with the total oil content. The CO yield increases with increasing immersion time, and the released CO mainly comes from the combustion of transformer oil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of immersion time on the combustion characteristics of oil‐impregnated transformer insulating paperboard

et al. 2022

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“…Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is used in households for decoration purposes (as a safe glass replacement) in picture frames, art objects, and aquarium walls. The burning of PMMA has been the object of many studies [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ] since its use for the construction of objects contributed to the Summerland disaster [ 52 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Particles Emitted from Waste Fires—A Construction Materials Case Study

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to determine the relative densities of populations of particles emitted in fire experiments of selected materials through direct measurement and parametrization of size distribution as number (NSD), volume (VSD), and mass (MSD). As objects of investigation, four typical materials used in construction and furniture were chosen: pinewood (PINE), laminated particle board (LPB), polyurethane (PUR), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The NSD and VSD were measured using an electric low-pressure impactor, while MSD was measured by weighing filters from the impactor using a microbalance. The parametrization of distributions was made assuming that each distribution can be expressed as the sum of an arbitrary number of log-normal distributions. In all materials, except PINE, the distributions of the particles emitted in fire experiments were the sum of two log-normal distributions; in PINE, the distribution was accounted for by only one log-normal distribution. The parametrization facilitated the determination of volume and mass abundances, and therefore, the relative density. The VSDs of particles generated in PINE, LPB, and PUR fires have similar location parameters, with a median volume diameter of 0.2–0.3 µm, whereas that of particles generated during PMMA burning is 0.7 µm. To validate the presented method, we burned samples made of the four materials in similar proportions and compared the measured VSD with the VSD predicted based on the weighted sum of VSD of raw materials. The measured VSD shifted toward smaller diameters than the predicted ones due to thermal decomposition at higher temperatures.

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Experimental Dimension and Boundary Analysis of Upward Flame Spread Over U-Shaped Facade in Energy-Saving Building Fires

Chen,

Nie,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Fire Technol

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Effects of Overlap Length on Flammability and Fire Hazard of Vertical Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Plate Array

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of immersion time on the combustion characteristics of oil‐impregnated transformer insulating paperboard

Effect of immersion time on the combustion characteristics of oil‐impregnated transformer insulating paperboard

Characteristics of Particles Emitted from Waste Fires—A Construction Materials Case Study

Experimental Dimension and Boundary Analysis of Upward Flame Spread Over U-Shaped Facade in Energy-Saving Building Fires

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