Effects of Oxalic Acid on Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Rademacher, Eva; Harz, Marika; Schneider, Saskia

doi:10.3390/insects8030084

Cited by 38 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Less likely, but not mutually exclusive, would be a reduction in size of the VÀ colonies (in contrast to larger V+ colonies) due to a postponed reaction to the oxalic acid treatment two months before the start of the experiment. Although a small batch of worker bees may have died directly after oxalic acid application and some of the remaining bees may have had a reduced lifespan (Rademacher et al 2017), bees are well able to cope with such accidental losses of workers (Johnson 2010, Perry et al 2015, colony sizes were similar at the start of the experiment, and moreover, no such pattern was found for NÀ vs. N+ colonies after its Fumagilin-B application (which could potentially also cause bee mortality).…”

Section: Relative Effects Of the Single Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the bees, this dermal application corresponds to circa 175 lg/bee, while the no-observed-adverse-effect level is 212.5 lg/bee (Rademacher et al 2017), The colonies that were treated had no capped brood during the application (Cornelissen et al 2013).The same colonies were additionally treated using Apistan (tau-fluvalinate 824 mg/strip; Vita Europe Ltd., Basingstoke, UK) to reduce mite levels in September. Varroa treatment consisted of an oxalic acid spray application (30 g/L oxalic acid dihydrate, 3%) prior to the start of experiment (May/June).…”

Section: Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result was due to a 2-6% larger colony size in V+ colonies between June and September. Although a small batch of worker bees may have died directly after oxalic acid application and some of the remaining bees may have had a reduced lifespan (Rademacher et al 2017), bees are well able to cope with such Fig. It might be an example of hormesis: "a doseresponse relationship for a single endpoint that is characterized by reversal of response between low and high doses of chemicals, biological molecules, physical stressors, or any other initiators of a response" (Kendig et al 2010).…”

Section: Relative Effects Of the Single Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Varroa treatment consisted of an oxalic acid spray application (30 g/L oxalic acid dihydrate, 3%) prior to the start of experiment (May/June). For the bees, this dermal application corresponds to circa 175 lg/bee, while the no-observed-adverse-effect level is 212.5 lg/bee (Rademacher et al 2017), The colonies that were treated had no capped brood during the application (Cornelissen et al 2013).The same colonies were additionally treated using Apistan (tau-fluvalinate 824 mg/strip; Vita Europe Ltd., Basingstoke, UK) to reduce mite levels in September. Two Apistan strips per fully occupied 10-frame story were applied after we stopped feeding imidacloprid.…”

Section: Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single and interactive effects of Varroa destructor, Nosema spp., and imidacloprid on honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera)

et al. 2018

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Citation: van Dooremalen, C., B. Cornelissen, C. Poleij-Hok-Ahin, and T. Blacqui ere. 2018. Single and interactive effects of Varroa destructor, Nosema spp., and imidacloprid on honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera). Ecosphere 9(8):Abstract. High losses of honey bee colonies in recent decades are of great societal and economical concern and experienced as a sign of the vulnerability of the environment, including the service of crop pollination, and of the beekeeping sector. There is no single cause for the colony losses, but many contributing stressors may act in concert. Varroa destructor infestation is acknowledged as an important cause of these losses. The roles of infestation by Nosema ceranae or exposure to insecticides are controversial. Interactions between exposure to pesticides and V. destructor or Nosema spp. have previously been implicated. In two years of field experiments, we studied the effects of and possible interactions between the stressors V. destructor infestation, Nosema spp. infestation, and chronic sublethal exposure to a field-realistic dose of the insecticide imidacloprid on the performance and survival of honey bee colonies. Colonies highly infested by V. destructor were 13% smaller in size and were 59.1 times more likely to die than colonies infested with low levels of V. destructor. Infestation with high levels of Nosema sp. led to 2% decrease in size and 1.4 times higher likelihood to die compared to colonies with low levels of Nosema sp. No effects of chronic sublethal exposure to imidacloprid on colony size or survival were found in this study. Exposure to V. destructor and imidacloprid led to a slightly higher fraction of bees infested with Nosema sp., but in contrast to the expectations, no resulting interactions were found for colony size or survival. Colonies as a superorganism may well be able to compensate at the colony level for sublethal negative effects of stressors on their individuals. In our experimental study under field-realistic exposure to stressors, V. destructor was by far the most lethal one for honey bee colonies.

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Section: Relative Effects Of the Single Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relative Effects Of the Single Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Single and interactive effects of Varroa destructor, Nosema spp., and imidacloprid on honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera)

et al. 2018

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“…Radenmacher and coworkers studied the effects of OA in bees. In their work, it was demonstrated that the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) after oral administration (72 h) was determined at 750 µg/g bee bw [5]. The same group reported that OA can provoke sublethal effects such as decreased longevity, although its mode of action is yet unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatographic Photo Diode Array Method as a Tool to Investigate Oxalic Acid in Bees: Comparison with Mass Spectrometric Methods

2019

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Background: Oxalic acid constitutes beekeepers′ leading choice for the battle of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor considering its efficacy, low cost, and easy application. Nevertheless, its broad use and reported synergistic effects prompted us to explore analytical methodologies for its determination in honeybees, especially after death incidents. Methods: The extraction of oxalic acid from bees was conducted by applying a simplified water extraction protocol. Oxalic acid′s content in honeybees was investigated through a novel zwiterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic coupled to photo diode array (ZIC-HILIC-PDA) method and paralleled to gas/liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric methods. Results: The analytical method was validated, exhibiting a sufficient limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.46 μg/g bee bw and precision and accuracy within the acceptable statistical limits as expressed by the relative standard deviation (RSD%) obtained from repeatability-reproducibility and recovery studies <12.5%. The application of the analytical method to 45 real honeybee samples demonstrated a fluctuation of oxalic acid’s concentrations from 1.6 to 1202.4 μg/g bee bw, verifying its frequent use in apiculture, exemplified by an overall 19% of positive samples. Conclusions: ZIC-HILIC-PDA proves a pivotal and alternative method to mass spectrometry tools in the determination of oxalic acid and other organic acids in honeybees and pertinent commodities.

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Lithium chloride treatments in free flying honey bee colonies: efficacy, brood survival, and within-colony distribution

Rein,

Blumenschein,

Traynor

et al. 2023

Parasitol Res

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The efficacy of various lithium chloride (LiCl) applications in eradicating the parasitic mite Varroa destructor in honey bee colonies was investigated, with a specific focus on its impact on brood development. In broodless colonies (3 weeks post queen caging), the highest efficacy of 98% was achieved with a 9-day treatment of 2.5 kg of candy spiked with 50 mM LiCl. A shorter 5-day treatment with 2 kg of 50 mM LiCl candy resulted in an efficacy of 78%. In colonies with brood, a repeated short-term application of 4 × 0.5 kg 50 mM LiCl candy yielded an efficacy of 88%. LiCl treatment led to a removal of the first batch of brood reared after release of the queen. However, no long-term effects on colony growth were observed, and the colonies successfully overwintered. Additionally, the study demonstrated that lithium is rapidly distributed among the bees of a colony within 2 days, yet only low concentrations were detected in stored food samples. This suggests that the bees efficiently absorb and distribute lithium within the colony. The harvested honey in the following spring revealed a lithium concentration of 0.1–0.2 mg/kg, which is below naturally occurring lithium levels in honey. Based on these findings, LiCl can be considered an effective and easy-to-apply acaricide in broodless colonies, and even in colonies with brood, it had good efficacy and no long-term effects on colony survival. Further research may be necessary to determine the optimal treatment period for achieving an efficacy over 95%.

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Effects of Oxalic Acid on Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Single and interactive effects of Varroa destructor, Nosema spp., and imidacloprid on honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera)

Single and interactive effects of Varroa destructor, Nosema spp., and imidacloprid on honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera)

A Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatographic Photo Diode Array Method as a Tool to Investigate Oxalic Acid in Bees: Comparison with Mass Spectrometric Methods

Lithium chloride treatments in free flying honey bee colonies: efficacy, brood survival, and within-colony distribution

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