Effects of Ozone on the Fine Structure of the Palisade Parenchyma Cells of Bean Leaves

Thomson, W. W.; Dugger, W. M.; Palmer, R. L.

doi:10.1139/b66-180

Cited by 106 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In ozone-exposed bean plants, Thomson et al. (23) and Swanson et aL (21) observed a granulation of the chloroplast stroma, which is consistent with our stage 1 fluorescence changes; further changes in the membrane were interpreted as a general breakdown and photo-destruction of pigments, which is consistent with our stage 3 changes. Swanson et aL (22) observed organelle distortion due to cell plasmolysis in Chlorella exposed to ozone, under conditions similar to those reported here during stage 2 and 3.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Ozone Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Chlorella sorokiniana

Heath

Frederick²,

Chimiklis³

1982

Plant Physiol.

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Exposure of Chlorela sorokiniwa (07-11-05) to ozone inhibits photosynthesis. In this study, the effects of ozone on 02 evolution and fluorescence yields are used to characterize this inhibition. At an ozone dose of about 3 micromnoles delivered to 2 x 10' cells, the photosynthetic rate of the cells is inhibited 50%, as indicated by a decrease in bicarbonate-stimulated 02 evolution (control rate, 1.4 ± 0.3 x 10"1 moles per ceil per minute). Plant productivity is decreased by ozone exposure in three major ways: (a) induction of stomatal closure in sensitive plants, which protects them from further injury but reduces the plant's photosynthetic capacity; (b) reduction in the chloroplast's ability to carry out efficient photosynthesis (8, 10); and (c) induction of necrosis and chlorosis which generally appears from 1 to 2 days after ozone exposure.Chlorella has been used previously to study ozone effects on ion transport pathways (1, 11). In the present study, we describe ozone alterations of photosynthetic competence in Chlorella as they are measured by 02 evolution and fluorescence yield kinetics. In addition, we assess the effects of an externally applied osmotic pressure used to vary the internal water potential. MATERIALS AND METHODSChlorella sorokiniana (07-11-05) were grown autotrophically as described previously (2). Either 02 or ozone was bubbled into 10 ml of a stirred buffered phosphate solution containing 2 x 108 cells/ml for varying times (11). A 1.0-ml cell sample was removed and, after addition of 20 mm NaHCO3, assayed for 02 evolution. 02 evolution was measured by a YSI Clark 02 electrode in a water-jacketed cuvette (total volume about 2 ml) maintained at 38°C. The cuvette was illuminated by red light with wavelengths greater than 600 nm and at an intensity of 50 mw/cm2 (about 80-90%o saturating). The cuvette was constructed so that the electrode just fit into the top opening, minimizing diffusion of 02 from the air but allowing additions by microsyringe. Light intensity was varied with Kodak neutral density filters and measured with a Licor radiometer (corrected to PAR).Ozone was generated in an 02 gas stream by UV irradiation and quantitated colorimetrically by reaction with a neutral solution of KI (3).Fluorometer measurements, using both actinic and measuring beams of light, utilized a noncommercial fluorometer (partially described in ref. A broad-band blue actinic beam of light (450 ± 50 nm; 11 kergs cm-2 s-1) was produced by tungsten bulb projector and blue cutoff filter (Coming CS-4-96), a Wratten blue filter (Type 48A), and a 500-nm cut-offfilter (Optics Technology, Palo Alto, CA). Actinic light passed into the sample along the same optical axis as the measuring beam, but at a 1800 angle to it.Fluorescence was measured at a 900 angle from the optical axis of the measuring beam by an S-20 photomultiplier (Type 9558B, E.M.I.). The photomultiplier was screened by a red cut-off filter (Corning CS-2-60), a red Wratten cellulose filter (Type 26) and a 680-nm interference filter (half-width, ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Ozone Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Chlorella sorokiniana

Heath

Frederick²,

Chimiklis³

1982

Plant Physiol.

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“…The second question is concerned with depth of ozone penetration into the cell. If the primary site of ozone injury is the cell plasmalemma, are the other effects which are noted by electron microscopy (28) and metabolic studies (3,8) due to an ionic imbalance caused by leakage from the primary site or are these other alterations due to a secondary attack site within the cell?…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fumigation of dicotyledonous plants with comparable levels of this photochemical oxidant produces visible injury to leaf tissue in the form of a gross necrosis on the palisade cells (8) many hours after fumigation. The morphological indication of ozone injury to pinto bean plants is a granulation within the chloroplast stroma region (28). In addition, ozone in pinto beans appears to affect only chloroplast ribosomes and not the cytoplasmic ribosomes, perhaps as a result of impaired photosynthesis (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of the Photosynthetic Capacity of Isolated Chloroplasts by Ozone

Coulson

Heath²

1974

Plant Physiol.

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“…Treatments with relatively low concentrations of O., induce an increase in number and size of plastoglobules in chloroplasts (Toyama, 1975 ;Nouchi etal., 1977;Noble, Pechak & Jensen, 1980). Ozone also causes swelling of the thylakoids (Matsushima <;/«/., 1977;Miyake et al, 1984;Crang & McQuattie, 1986), granulation of the stroma (Thomson et al, 1966;Athanassious, 1980;Noble et al, 1980) and shrinkage of chloroplasts (Swanson et al, 1973;Toyama, 1975;Nouchi et al, 1977). However, most of these previous investigations on the effects of ozone on plant cell organization were carried out at concentrations higher than 0-1 /(\ 1 '.…”

Section: N T K O D V C Tionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of low concentrations of ozone on the fine structure of radish leaves

et al. 1989

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Radish (Raphamis sativus L.) plants were fumigated with ()-l or 0-05 //I 1 ' O., for 8 or 24 h a day for 6 to 18 d and the leaf tissues examined by light and electron microscopy. Ultrastructural damage was apparent in the leaves fumigated with as low as 005 //I 1' O^ for 8 h a day for 6 d. Ozone induced an increase in both the number and size of the plastoglobules but a decrease in chloroplast dimensions. These changes in the chloroplasts developed further e\ en after ()., fumigation had been discontinued. The plastoglobules were electron dense in the early stages of exposure to O., but subsequently became electron translucent. Finally large plastoglobules were extruded into the vacuole, a phenomenon which may partly account for the reduction m chloroplast size. Ozone also caused disruption of the tonoplast and this was followed by collapse ot the cells. Low concentrations of (),, appear to accelerate senescence of the chloroplasts.

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Effects of Ozone on the Fine Structure of the Palisade Parenchyma Cells of Bean Leaves

Cited by 106 publications

References 14 publications

Ozone Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Chlorella sorokiniana

Ozone Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Chlorella sorokiniana

Inhibition of the Photosynthetic Capacity of Isolated Chloroplasts by Ozone

Effects of low concentrations of ozone on the fine structure of radish leaves

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