Effects of P³²Impurities on the Behavior of Tricresyl Phosphate-32 as an Antiwear Additive

Effect of phosphorus-containing additives on the wear of aluminum in the lubricated aluminum-on-steel contact

“…1. In this test rig, the vibrating specimen (1) is mounted in the holder (3), which is connected to a horizontal oscillating rod (4). A lower flat specimen (2) is fixed stationary on a piezo measurement (6).…”

“…Phosphites, with the larger wear volume, have lower TRA than phosphates. phosphate films with low shear strength [2][3][4][5]. Numerous investigations have shown that under rubbing conditions the antiwear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) properties of P-containing additives are connected with their reactivity towards steel.…”

“…Over the years, extensive laboratory investigations have been carried out to define the type oftribochemical reactions of additives with steel surfaces [2][3][4][5]. It is believed that a protective reaction film containing phosphate salts produced on the steel surface is responsible for the AW and EP properties.…”

Neopentyl polyol esters for jet engine lubricants—effect of tricresyl phosphate on thermal stability and corrosivity

“…Formation of phosphate layers on metal substrates in the presence of TCP has been reported by other workers (10)(11)(12). Whatever is the nature of the TCP-treated metal surface, at least as regards the effect on ester thermal stability, it is not duplicated by brief exposure to phosphoric acid.…”

Annual Meeting of American Society of Lubrication Engineers

“…However, since the difference between these two regimes may be due to the temperature level existing in the contact, no doubt some "EP" activity may occur at the higher disk temperatures. Di-isopropyl hydrogen phosphite has been reported (15) to give very good antiwear activity in ester base fluids. It has also been reported that phosphites are better antiwear additives than phosphates (16) and that acid phosphites are more reactive than neutral phosphorus compounds (17).…”