Effects of p‐Type Nickel Oxide Semiconductor and Gold Bilayer on Highly Efficient Polymer Solar Cell

Abstract

In this study, we report a new hole-collecting interlayer (HCI) comprising NiO/Au/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) for poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)-based polymer solar cells (PSCs). The insertion of a bilayer of NiO/Au between indium tin oxide (ITO) and PEDOT:PSS improves the photocurrent generation of the PSCs. The NiO layer provides an intermediate step energy level between ITO and PEDOT:PSS, leading to enhanced hole collection. The ultrathin Au induces a surface plasmon resonance effect, allowing more photons to be absorbed by the photoactive layer and improving the hole-collecting properties by planarizing and doping the NiO. The PSCs with the NiO/Au/PEDOT:PSS HCIs yield a power-conversion efficiency of 3.9 AE 0.2%, which is approximately 15% higher than that of PSCs with a PEDOT:PSS-only HCI, under a simulated air mass 1.5 global (G) 100 mW/cm 2 illumination.

Selective determination of Cr(III) ions with novel potentiometric electrodes

“…[11,12] Chromium is widely used in many fields such as metal finishing, metallurgy, steel manufacturing, paint, electroplating, wood treatment, and alloy manufacturing industries. [13,14] Metal ions can be both essential and toxic to living organisms depending on the concentration. [15] Chromium is essential for human health in small amounts due to its effect on insulin, carbohydrate, fat and protein levels which should be kept at certain ranges for the human physiology to function properly.…”