Effects of Papaverine and Glycerilnitrate-Verapamil Solution as Topical and Intraluminal Vasodilators for Internal Thoracic Artery

Fasudil Is a Superior Vasodilator for the Internal Thoracic Artery in Coronary Surgery

“…This data greatly exceeds the maximum increase in GFF reported for papaverine (increase by 100%) [8], nitroglycerin and verapamil (GV) (86%) [9], and phosphodiesterase III inhibitor (PDE III) (59%) [10]. In the present study, there was a significant increase in GFF in papaverine-treated ITA grafts, showing the benefit of papaverine as a vasodilating agent.…”

“…One of them is to modify the technique of harvesting the pedicle, such as using skeletonization with an ultrasonic scalpel 5 and treatment with various anti-spastic agents [3,4,9]. We reviewed the effects of the conventionally used drugs reported by various investigators.…”

“…Many anti-spastic agents have been reported, including papaverine, nitroglycerin, GV solution and phosphodiesterase (PDE) III inhibitor [3,4,[8][9][10]. According to reports of quantitative evaluation of free flow of ITA treated by papaverine, Formica et al [9] reported a 32% increase from 40 to 53 ml/min; Koramaz et al [8] reported 100% increase from 32 to 64 ml/min; Nili et al [3] reported 10% increase from 38.8 to 42.1 ml/min; and Takeuchi et al [10] reported 8% increase from 37 to 40 ml/min. For verapamil, Nili et al [3] reported 7.2% increase from 33.8 to 41.1 ml/min.…”

“…Formica et al [9] used glyceril-trinitrate/verapamil and showed an 86% increase in free flow from 31.6 to 58.8 ml/min.…”

Potent Vasodilatory Effect of Fasudil on Radial Artery Graft in Coronary Artery Bypass Operations

“…The concentrations of papaverine varied widely from 30 μmol/L to 2.6 mmol/L. In the present study, we used the middle concentration of 1.0 mmol/L, which is also used in internal thoracic artery grafts [9,[10][11][12][13][14]. In the VG group, 2 mL of VG solution was injected.…”