Effects of Paramylon Extracted from Euglena gracilis EOD-1 on Parameters Related to Metabolic Syndrome in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Aoe, Seiichiro; Yamanaka, Chiemi; Koketsu, Kotone; Nishioka, Machiko; Onaka, Nobuteru; Nishida, Norihisa; Takahashi, Madoka

doi:10.3390/nu11071674

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It has been speculated that EOD-1PM is less susceptible to degradation by intestinal bacteria and is less likely to be absorbed through the intestines in mice [ 19 , 21 ]. Therefore, EOD-1PM may not be directly involved in improving serum antioxidant potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, EOD-1PM has been reported to induce the expression of genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, in the liver. EOD-1PM may be indirectly involved in gene expression in tissues by stimulating intestinal cells [ 21 ]. Regarding the findings of the effect of improving antioxidant potential in this trial, EOD-1PM may improve reductase activity through the same indirect action from the intestinal tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding its functionality, E. gracilis EOD-1 has been reported to improve health-related quality-of-life and immune function in humans [ 20 ]. There are numerous reports of the effects of paramylon derived from E. gracilis EOD-1 in diet-induced obese mice, such as the ability to prevent an increase in blood glucose levels during glucose load and reduce blood cholesterol and intraperitoneal fat weight [ 21 ]. In addition, paramylon has been shown to reduce cellular oxidative injury, improve liver disorder due to oxidative induction in rats, and increase reductase activity in the liver [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Food Containing Paramylon Derived from Euglena gracilis EOD-1 on Fatigue in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Trial

et al. 2020

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Euglena gracilis EOD-1, a kind of microalgae, is known to contain a high proportion of paramylon, a type of β-1,3-glucan. Paramylon derived from E. gracilis EOD-1 is presumed to suppress cellular oxidative injury and expected to reduce fatigue and fatigue sensation. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether food containing paramylon derived from E. gracilis EOD-1 (EOD-1PM) ingestion reduced fatigue and fatigue sensation in healthy adults. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison study in 66 healthy men and women who ingested a placebo or EOD-1PM daily for 4 weeks (daily life fatigue). Furthermore, at the examination days of 0 and 4 weeks, tolerance to fatigue load was evaluated using mental tasks (task-induced fatigue). We evaluated fatigue sensation using the Visual Analogue Scale, the work efficiency of the advanced trail making test and measured serum antioxidant markers. The EOD-1PM group showed significantly lower levels of physical and mental fatigue sensations and higher levels of work efficiency as well as serum biological antioxidant potential levels than the placebo group. These results indicate that EOD-1PM ingestion reduced fatigue and fatigue sensation, which may be due to an increase in antioxidant potential and maintenance of selective attention during work.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Food Containing Paramylon Derived from Euglena gracilis EOD-1 on Fatigue in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Trial

et al. 2020

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“…Euglena consists of various nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids, and are used as nutritional and general supplements [ 6 ]. Previous studies have confirmed that Euglena intake effectively suppresses elevated blood glucose levels [ 7 ], suppresses fat accumulation [ 8 , 9 ], attenuates lifestyle-related disease symptoms [ 10 ], promotes immune function [ 11 , 12 ], and improves bowel movements [ 13 ]. Autonomic nervous system activity plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis and is involved in biological processes such as lipolysis, blood glucose regulation, immune function, and digestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Euglena gracilis Intake on Mood and Autonomic Activity under Mental Workload, and Subjective Sleep Quality: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nakashima¹,

Yasuda²,

Murata³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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While the human body maintains homeostasis by altering the balance in the autonomic nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, a prolonged imbalance in these systems can result in physical and mental symptoms, including a decline in sleep quality and work efficiency. Euglena gracilis (Euglena) is a single-celled microalga with the properties of both plants and animals and contains abundant nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids, which have various beneficial health effects. This study evaluated the effects of Euglena intake on the mood states and stress coping under mental workload tasks, and subjective sleep quality. We assigned men and women aged 20 to 64 years to Euglena and placebo intake groups, and measured indices related to the autonomic nervous system, psychological states, and sleep quality together with the application of workload stress before food intake, and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after commencing intake. Euglena intake regulated the autonomic nervous system under a workload and improved psychological parameters and sleep conditions. These results indicate that the consumption of Euglena may regulate the balance of the autonomic nervous system during stress and may have a favorable effect on psychological status and sleep quality.

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“…2) β-Glucans, including paramylon, have been reported to exhibit various biological activities such as immunomodulatory, anti-allergy, anti-obesity, antitumor and cytokine inducing effects. [3][4][5][6][7] Paramylon also functions as a dietary fiber (an indigestible polysaccharide) and improves the metabolic syndrome by suppressing the intestinal absorption of cholesterol, thus reducing transition time in gastrointestinal tract and increasing fecal bulk. These bioactivities of paramylon have been attributed to the strong adsorption of cholesterol to the glucans in the intestinal tract, which results in the suppression of cholesterol absorption in the systemic circulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Analysis of Paramylon Particles Produced by <i>Euglena gracilis</i> EOD-1 Using FIB/SEM Tomography

Anraku

Iohara

Takada³

et al. 2020

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Euglena gracilis EOD-1, a microalgal strain, produces large quantities of paramylon, a class of polymers known as β-1,3-glucans and has been reported to function as a dietary fiber and to improve the metabolic syndrome including obesity. However, despite its importance, the morphometric analysis of paramylon has not been conducted so far. In this study, we attempted to observe the detailed three-dimensional structure of paramylon by focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM). Paramylon samples were fixed and three-dimensional image reconstruction and segmentation of the image stack were created using computer software (Amira v6.0.1, FEI). The results indicated that the inside of paramylon particles (diameter: 5 µm, thickness: 3 µm) was comprised of a dense structure with no evidence of the presence of large pores and gaps, although a small 100 nm crack was observed. The specific surface area of paramylon particles measured by the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method, was not as large as activated charcoal, but similar to those of plant starches, indicating that the cholesterol-lowering effect of paramylon cannot be simply attributed to its adsorption ability. The FIB/SEM method was found to be useful for elucidating the internal structure of small solid particles.

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Effects of Paramylon Extracted from Euglena gracilis EOD-1 on Parameters Related to Metabolic Syndrome in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Cited by 22 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of Food Containing Paramylon Derived from Euglena gracilis EOD-1 on Fatigue in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Trial

Effect of Food Containing Paramylon Derived from Euglena gracilis EOD-1 on Fatigue in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Trial

Effects of Euglena gracilis Intake on Mood and Autonomic Activity under Mental Workload, and Subjective Sleep Quality: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Morphometric Analysis of Paramylon Particles Produced by <i>Euglena gracilis</i> EOD-1 Using FIB/SEM Tomography

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