Effects of paratuberculosis on Friesian cattle carcass weight and age at culling

Vázquez, Patricia; Garrido, Joseba M.; Juste, Ramón A.

doi:10.5424/sjar/2012103-2728

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Samples showing amplification curves with a threshold cycle (Ct) bellow 40.00 were considered positive. Details on bacteriological culture as well as MAP specific IS 900 DNA extraction and amplification protocols from tissue samples have been published elsewhere [3].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most infected animals would remain as unapparent MAP carriers because they do not develop clinical disease, and microbiological and immunological diagnostic tests are not sensitive enough to identify them [2]. This might be a consequence of a natural resistance against MAP where infection would be restricted to focal forms without clinical disease [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific Antibody and Interferon-Gamma Responses Associated with Immunopathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis in Slaughtered Friesian Cattle

2013

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection causes a chronic granulomatous inflammatory regional enteritis in ruminants. Cell-mediated immune responses are assumed to be protective and therefore, to be associated with its more delimited lesion types, while humoral responses are mainly associated with diffuse histopathological lesions. However, this duality of immune responses has been recently questioned. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between both types of immunological responses and the type and extension of intestinal lesions and the presence of MAP in bovine tissues. Standard histopathological examinations, two microbiological procedures (culture and real time PCR (rtPCR)), as well as MAP specific antibody and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRA) were performed on tissues and blood of 333 slaughtered Holstein-Friesian animals. Paratuberculous lesions were observed in 176 (52.9%) of the animals and overall MAP detection rates were estimated at 13.5% and 28.5% for tissue culture and rtPCR, respectively. Unlike the relatively constant non-specific IFN-γ release, both the antibody levels and the specific IFN-γ release significantly increased with tissue damage. Delimited immunopathological forms, which accounted for 93.2% of all forms, were mostly related to positive testing in the IGRA (38.4%) whereas diffuse ones (6.8%) were associated with antibody seropositivity (91.7%). However, since the frequency of positive immune responses in both tests increased as the lesions severity increased, polarization of Th1/Th2 responses was less prominent than expected. MAP was detected in the majority of ELISA-positive animals (culture+: 90%, rtPCR+: 85%) but the bacteria was only confirmed in the 36.1% of IGRA-positive animals by any of the two microbiological tests. In terms of diagnosis, the antibody test was a good indicator of advanced tissue damage (diffuse forms), but the IGRA did not associate well with more delimited forms or with MAP detection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Antibody and Interferon-Gamma Responses Associated with Immunopathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis in Slaughtered Friesian Cattle

2013

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“…Paratuberculosis results in economic losses that are primarily associated with decreased milk production, decreased weaning weights in young calves, increased replacement costs, decreased slaughter value (Lombard, 2011) and early culling (Vázquez et al, 2012;Hasnova and Pavlik, 2006). Economic losses to dairy industry are significant (Lu et al, 2013a;Hasnova and Pavlik, 2006;Vidić et al, 2013); estimated losses to US dairy industry cost $200-250 million annually (Cho et al, 2012;Ottet et al, 1999).…”

Section: Economic Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Management Strategies of Johne's disease in Endemic Situations

Munir

Hassan

Muhammad³

et al. 2014

Res. j. vet. pract.

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Mycobacterium paratuberculosis the subspecies of M. avium, effects wide range of animals including domestic cattle, sheep, goats, buffaloes, camelids and wild ruminants resulting in progressive and chronic enteritis known as Johne's disease (paratuberculosis). Clinically sick animals show emaciation, diarrhea and eventually death but the risk is that mostly they don't show clinical sign still can shed bacteria in feces and milk. Organism spread in the animal body through blood and lymph nodes to multiple internal organs. It is economically very important disease in livestock because effected livestock is recommended to be culled due to high treatment costs. Etiology, host range, immunology, epidemiology, stages/ forms, clinical signs, diagnostic tools and treatment have been discussed with special reference to endemic situations. Strategies to control this disease include improved management practices, testing and culling and vaccination. Modifications in management practices is not an easy job and so is the case with testing and culling; vaccine on the other hand is the simple practice but it is not usually practiced by farmers because lack of knowledge/awareness in herdsmen and availability of vaccine.All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers

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“…Very limited data were available about JD and weight loss, and none that directly equates to the stages of infection. Vázquez et al (2012) quantified weight loss by pathology, being 12.4% for seropositive animals and 26% for animals with diffuse granulomatous pathology. In the current study, it is assumed that SI[affected] animals, being those with higher weight loss, would not go for human consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The salvage value of SI [infected] cows was assumed to be the same as noninfected cows; therefore, the estimated increased costs were equivalent. For SI[infectious] cows, a 12.4% reduction in carcass weight was assumed compared with noninfected and SI[infected] cows, guided by a similar difference between ELISA negative and positive animals in a recent Spanish study (Vázquez et al, 2012). No account was taken of transport costs to the abattoir, as these vary greatly depending on distance traveled, number of animals being transported, and so on.…”

Section: Se and Sp Of Eachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of testing strategies to identify infected animals at a single round of testing within dairy herds known to be infected with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis

Cameron

Strain

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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As part of a broader control strategy within herds known to be infected with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP), individual animal testing is generally conducted to identify infected animals for action, usually culling. Opportunities are now available to quantitatively compare different testing strategies (combinations of tests) in known infected herds. This study evaluates the effectiveness, cost, and cost-effectiveness of different testing strategies to identify infected animals at a single round of testing within dairy herds known to be MAP infected. A model was developed, taking account of both within-herd infection dynamics and test performance, to simulate the use of different tests at a single round of testing in a known infected herd. Model inputs included the number of animals at different stages of infection, the sensitivity and specificity of each test, and the costs of testing and culling. Testing strategies included either milk or serum ELISA alone or with fecal culture in series. Model outputs included effectiveness (detection fraction, the proportion of truly infected animals in the herd that are successfully detected by the testing strategy), cost, and cost-effectiveness (testing cost per true positive detected, total cost per true positive detected). Several assumptions were made: MAP was introduced with a single animal and no management interventions were implemented to limit within-herd transmission of MAP before this test. In medium herds, between 7 and 26% of infected animals are detected at a single round of testing, the former using the milk ELISA and fecal culture in series 5 yr after MAP introduction and the latter using fecal culture alone 15 yr after MAP introduction. The combined costs of testing and culling at a single round of testing increases with time since introduction of MAP infection, with culling costs being much greater than testing costs. The cost-effectiveness of testing varied by testing strategy. It was also greater at 5 yr, compared with 10 or 15 yr, since MAP introduction, highlighting the importance of early detection. Future work is needed to evaluate these testing strategies in subsequent rounds of testing as well as accounting for different herd dynamics and different levels of herd biocontainment.

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Effects of paratuberculosis on Friesian cattle carcass weight and age at culling

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Specific Antibody and Interferon-Gamma Responses Associated with Immunopathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis in Slaughtered Friesian Cattle

Specific Antibody and Interferon-Gamma Responses Associated with Immunopathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis in Slaughtered Friesian Cattle

Epidemiology and Management Strategies of Johne's disease in Endemic Situations

Evaluation of testing strategies to identify infected animals at a single round of testing within dairy herds known to be infected with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis

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