Effects of partial substitution and anodic oxidation treatment of Zr−V−Ni alloys on electrochemical properties

Wakao, Shinjiro; Sawa, Hirofumi; Furukawa, J.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5088(06)80030-5

Cited by 66 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The bulk oxide of Zr is usually formed during solidification and has a higher solubility in KOH solution than TiO 2 [87]. A dense layer of ZrO 2 formed on the surface of the Zr particles during powder processing (grinding, sifting, and packaging), and impedes the activation process [152,164,165].…”

Section: Zirconiummentioning

confidence: 99%

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C14 Laves Phase Metal Hydride Alloys for Ni/MH Batteries Applications

2017

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C14 Laves phase alloys play a significant role in improving the performance of nickel/metal hydride batteries, which currently dominate the 1.2 V consumer-type rechargeable battery market and those for hybrid electric vehicles. In the current study, the properties of C14 Laves phase based metal hydride alloys are reviewed in relation to their electrochemical applications. Various preparation methods and failure mechanisms of the C14 Laves phase based metal hydride alloys, and the influence of all elements on the electrochemical performance, are discussed. The contributions of some commonly used constituting elements are compared to performance requirements. The importance of stoichiometry and its impact on electrochemical properties is also included. At the end, a discussion section addresses historical hurdles, previous trials, and future directions for implementing C14 Laves phase based metal hydride alloys in commercial nickel/metal hydride batteries.

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Section: Zirconiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This also contributes to a lower flammability, which enhances safety in powder handling [221]. Even with the highest leaching out rate observed in Table 4, Al has been reported to improve the corrosion resistance of alloys, leading to better charge retention performance [164,213,222].…”

Section: Group 13 Elements (B Al)mentioning

confidence: 99%

C14 Laves Phase Metal Hydride Alloys for Ni/MH Batteries Applications

2017

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“…3 shows the variations of discharge capacity at the discharge current density 60 mA/g with the cycle number for the ZrMn 2 Ni x (x=0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2) alloys. It is well known that Zr-based Laves phase electrode materials have the disadvantage of poor activation in a KOH solution [6,30]. This is usually associated with the dense Zr oxide film through which hydrogen cannot easily penetrate [31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in the electrochemical properties of ZrMn2 hydrides by substitution of elements

Song

Kwon

Ahn³

et al. 2001

Met. Mater. Int.

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The hydrogen-storage properties and the electrochemical properties are investigated for the alloys ZrMn 2 Ni x , ZrMnNi 1+x , Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 Mn 0.4 V 0.6 Ni 1-x Fe x and Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 Mn 0.4 V 0.6 Ni 0.85 M 0.15 . The C14 Laves phase forms in all the alloys ZrMn 2 Ni x (x=0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2). Among the alloys ZrMn 2 Ni x , ZrMn 2 Ni 0.6 has the largest discharge capacity (29 mAh/g) and a relatively good cycling performance, and shows a relatively easy activation. The C14 Laves phase also forms in all the alloys ZrMnNi 1+x (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4). Among the alloys ZrMnNi 1+x , ZrMnNi 1.0 has the largest discharge capacity (42 mAh/g) and a relatively good cycling performance, and shows the easiest activation. Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 Mn 0.4 V 0.6 Ni 1-x Fe x (x=0.00, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60) has the C14 Laves phase hexagonal structure. Their hydrogen storage capacities do not show significant differences. The discharge capacity just after activation decreases with an increase in the amount of the substituted Fe but the cycling performance is improved. The discharge capacity after activation of the alloy with x=0.00 is about 240 mAh/g at the current density 60 mA/g.

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“…However, practical use of Laves phase alloy is restricted by slow activation and insufficient rate capability, due to the presence of a passive film on the surface and slow hydrogen diffusivity in the alloy. Rapid activation of hydrogen storage alloys is essential for practical applications; therefore, many approaches such as anodic oxidation [8], alkaline treatment at elevated temperature [9][10][11] and HF treatment [12,13] have been successfully carried out. In addition, physical modification of the surface with the aid of ball milling has been found to be effective for initial activation of alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mechanical grinding on initial activation and rate capability of Zr–Ti based Laves phase alloy electrode

Matsuoka

Tamura

2007

J Appl Electrochem

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Surface modification of Zr 0.9 Ti 0.1 Ni 1.1 Co 0.1 Mn 0.5 V 0.2 Cr 0.1 alloy was accomplished by mechanical grinding (MG). The decrepitation of alloy particles gave rise to a new surface. The effect of MG was systematically studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-composition (PC) isotherms and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Initial activation and rate capability of a negative electrode made from this alloy were significantly improved by MG treatment at 300 rpm for 0.5-1 h, but prolonged MG treatment (10 h) reduced the nominal discharge capacity from 350 mAh g -1 to 180 mAh g -1 . Under these conditions the alloy particles disintegrate and become nanocrystalline, which reduces the discharge capacity owing to the change in the stereology of tetrahedral interstices available for hydrogen storage. The data based on PC isotherms and hydriding kinetics indicates that the equilibrium hydrogen pressure increases and the hydriding rate and storage capacity are significantly reduced by prolonged MG treatment. EIS data reveal that the improved rate capability can be ascribed to an enhanced charge-transfer reaction which is the rate-determining step in the hydriding and dehydriding reactions.

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Effects of partial substitution and anodic oxidation treatment of Zr−V−Ni alloys on electrochemical properties

Cited by 66 publications

References 4 publications

C14 Laves Phase Metal Hydride Alloys for Ni/MH Batteries Applications

C14 Laves Phase Metal Hydride Alloys for Ni/MH Batteries Applications

Improvement in the electrochemical properties of ZrMn2 hydrides by substitution of elements

Effects of mechanical grinding on initial activation and rate capability of Zr–Ti based Laves phase alloy electrode

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