Effects of perceptual and working memory load on brain responses to task-irrelevant stimuli: Review and implications for future research

Brockhoff, Laura; Schindler, Sebastian; Bruchmann, Maximilian; Straube, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104580

Cited by 33 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…Thus, this finding suggests that the impact of destabilizing OF perturbations is modulated when attention is diverted toward auditory cues to process a secondary task. One explanation may rely on the sensory modality of the cognitive task: a visual task would have increased engagement in the visual field, whereas an auditory task prompted participants to redirect their attention elsewhere, which has resulted in a reduction of the impact of OF perturbations on gait control (Wickens, 2002;Lavie et al, 2004;Redfern et al, 2017;Pechtl et al, 2020;Brockhoff et al, 2022). Also, it is consistent with the idea that resolving sensory conflict requires executive control of attention (Yogev-Seligmann et al, 2008;Redfern et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…This allowed to confirm that the sensory modality of the concurrent task matters. Indeed, a cognitive task presented in the auditory modality may reduce the ability to process visual information (Wickens, 2002;Redfern et al, 2017, Brockhoff et al, 2022, due to the allocation of attentional resources towards another sensory (auditory) modality. In turn, this phenomenon could decrease the influence of ML optic flow perturbations on gait stability (e.g., standard deviation of the head position, Malcolm et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinematic and neuromuscular characterization of cognitive involvement in gait control in healthy young adults

LANA

Frère

Cabibel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The precise role of cognitive control in the processing of optic flow has been rarely investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether coping with unreliable visual inputs during walking requires cognitive resources. Twenty-four healthy young adults walked on an instrumented treadmill in a virtual environment under two optic flow conditions: normal (congruent) and perturbed (continuous mediolateral pseudo-random oscillations). Each condition was performed under single-task and dual-task conditions of increasing difficulty (1-, 2-, 3-back). Foot placement kinematics (200 Hz) and surface electromyography (EMG) of soleus and gluteus medius (1000 Hz) were recorded. Means, standard deviations (variability), statistical persistence and step-to-step error correction were computed from gait time series in lateral and anteroposterior directions. For EMG variables, duration and variability of muscle activation were calculated from the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the variance ratio, respectively. N-back task performance was expressed by the d prime and response time. Cognitive performance decreased as cognitive load increased (p<.001) but remained preserved under dual-task walking. Kinematics variability and EMG variance ratio increased under optic flow perturbation (p<.001). However, dual-tasking reduced the impact of the optic flow disturbance on the kinematics variability. Persistence of step width and antipersistence of step velocity decreased as cognitive load increased. Lastly, FWHM of soleus muscle increased with dual-task (p=.01). The results indicated that cognitive dual-tasking decreased the optic flow effect, demonstrating that resolving conflicting visual cues was attentionally costly. Also, in dual-task conditions, individuals adopted a rigid and controlled walking pattern in order to succeed N-back task.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic and neuromuscular characterization of cognitive involvement in gait control in healthy young adults

LANA

Frère

Cabibel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…van Harten et al (2021) observed that surgery staff with high workload is more likely distracted by irrelevant sounds than surgery staff with low workload. However, this relationship is simplified as high load can also reduce the pro-cessing of irrelevant sounds (Brockhoff, Schindler, Bruchmann, & Straube, 2022). Studying the relationship between load and auditory processing in the operating room is therefore necessary to understand the effect that sounds have on the surgery staff.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the attentional focus to workplace-related soundscapes in a complex audio-visual-motor task using EEG

Rosenkranz

Cetin

Uslar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In demanding work situations (e.g., during a surgery) the processing of complex soundscapes varies over time and can be a burden for medical personnel. Here we study, using mobile electroencephalography (EEG), how humans process workplace-related soundscapes while performing a complex audio-visual-motor task (3D Tetris). Specifically, we wanted to know how the attentional focus changes the processing of the soundscape as a whole. Participants played a game of 3D Tetris in which they had to use both hands to control falling blocks. At the same time, participants listened to a complex soundscape, similar to what is found in an operating room (i.e., sound of machinery, people talking in the background, alarm sounds, and instructions). In this within-subject design, participants had to react to instructions (e.g., 'place the next Block in the upper left corner') and to sounds depending on the experimental condition, either to a specific alarm sound originating from a fixed location or to a beep sound that originated from varying locations. Attention to the alarm reflected a narrow attentional focus, as it was easy to detect and most of the soundscape could be ignored. Attention to the beep reflected a wide attentional focus, as it required the participants to monitor multiple different sound streams. Results show the robustness of the N1 and P3 event related potential response during this dynamic task with a complex auditory soundscape. Furthermore, we used temporal response functions to study auditory processing to the whole soundscape. This work is a step towards studying workplace-related sound processing in the operating room using mobile EEG.

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“…Electroencephalography (EEG) results showed that early event‐related potential (ERP) components could reflect selective attentional responses involving a perceptual load, suggesting that the perceptual load had already influenced information flow during the initial stages of visual cortical processing (Fu et al., 2010; Handy & Mangun, 2000; Handy et al., 2001). However, a recent systematic evaluation suggested that ERP effects of load‐attenuating distractor processing were more reliable at a slightly later stage than the mixed results in the early attention selection process (Brockhoff et al., 2022). For example, deeper features increased the anterior P2 amplitudes, which might reflect the process of visual feature detection and attentional selection (Cao et al., 2020; Correll et al., 2006; Nikolaev et al., 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a recent systematic evaluation suggested that ERP effects of load-attenuating distractor processing were more reliable at a slightly later stage than the mixed results in the early attention selection process (Brockhoff et al, 2022). For example, deeper features increased the anterior P2 amplitudes, which might reflect the process of visual feature detection and attentional selection (Cao et al, 2020;Correll et al, 2006;Nikolaev et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Event‐related potential patterns of selective attention modulated by perceptual load

et al. 2023

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Introduction:A high perceptual load can effectively prevent attention from being drawn to irrelevant stimuli; however, the neural pattern underlying this process remains unclear. Methods:This study adopted a perceptual load paradigm to examine the temporal processes of attentional modulation by incorporating conditions of perceptual load, distractor-target compatibility, and eccentricity. Results:The behavioral results showed that a high perceptual load significantly reduced attentional distraction caused by peripheral distractors. The event-related potential results further revealed that shorter P2 latencies were observed for peripheral distractors than for central distractors under a high perceptual load and that a suppressed compatibility effect with increasing load was reflected by the P3 component. Conclusion:These findings suggested that (1) P2 and P3 components effectively captured different sides of attentional processing modulated by load (i.e., the filter processing of the object and the overall attentional resource allocation) and (2) response patterns of selective attention modulated by perceptual load were influenced by eccentricity. Our electrophysiological evidence confirmed the behavioral findings, indicating the neural mechanisms of attentional modulation.

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Effects of perceptual and working memory load on brain responses to task-irrelevant stimuli: Review and implications for future research

Cited by 33 publications

References 184 publications

Kinematic and neuromuscular characterization of cognitive involvement in gait control in healthy young adults

Kinematic and neuromuscular characterization of cognitive involvement in gait control in healthy young adults

Investigating the attentional focus to workplace-related soundscapes in a complex audio-visual-motor task using EEG

Event‐related potential patterns of selective attention modulated by perceptual load

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