Effects of Perinatal Fluoride Exposure on Short- and Long-Term Memory, Brain Antioxidant Status, and Glutamate Metabolism of Young Rat Pups

Bartos, Mariana; Gumilar, Fernanda; Gallegos, Cristina Eugenia; Bras, Cristina; Domínguez, Sergio; Cancela, Liliana Marina; Minetti, Alejandra

doi:10.1177/1091581819857558

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…We estimate the levels of catalase in the striatum of offspring exposed early to iAs/F. Previously, we demonstrate that individual iAs or F exposure during development at the same concentrations used in this study has been shown to induce a significant decrease in the antioxidant system in different brain areas in rats offspring (Bartos et al, 2019Monaco et al, 2018). In this work, we observed in offspring exposed to both iAs/F concentrations a significant decrease of catalase in striatum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…It is important to consider that Fluoride is toxic if it is consumed in excess but it is also considered of benefit to human health when it is consumed within the permissible limit (0.7-1.5 mg/L). Low concentrations of both agents during development, in concentrations slightly higher than those recommended by the WHO, produce neurotoxicity (Gumilar et al, 2015Bartos et al, 2015Bartos et al, , 2018Bartos et al, , 2019. However, only few reports study the interaction between these two common water contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurobehavioral and neurochemical effects in rats offspring co-exposed to arsenic and fluoride during development

et al. 2021

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Arsenic (iAs) and fluoride (F) are ubiquitous in the environment. All over the world, in many countries, thousands of people are suffering from the toxic effects of arsenicals ad fluorides. These two elements are recognized worldwide as the most serious inorganic contaminants in drinking water. When two different types of toxicants are simultaneously going inside the human body they may function independently or can act as synergistic or antagonistic to one another. Although there have been reports in literature of individual toxicity of iAs and F, however, not much is known about the effects following the combined exposure to the toxicants above mentioned. In this work, we investigated the effect of the co-exposure to low levels of iAs/F through drinking water during pregnancy and lactation on central nervous system functionality in the exposed rats offspring. Wistar rats were exposed to one of these solutions: 0.05 mg/L iAs and 5 mg/L F (Concentration A) or 0.10 mg/L iAs and 10 mg/ L F (Concentration B) from gestational day 0 up to post-gestational day 21. Sensory-motor reflexes a Functional Observational Battery and the locomotor activity in an open field were assessed in offspring. Additionally, the transaminases, acethylcholinesterase and catalase levels in the striatum were determined to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms involved in locomotor and neurobehavioral disorders. The results showed that iAs/F exposition during development produces a delay reach the maturity of sensorimotor reflexes. A decrease in the nociceptive reflex response, and increase in the locomotor activity in adult rats offspring were observed. The increase in oxidative stress, the inhibition of transaminases enzymes and the inhibition of AChE in the striatum may partially regulate all the neurobehavioral disorders observed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobehavioral and neurochemical effects in rats offspring co-exposed to arsenic and fluoride during development

et al. 2021

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“…Very few works exist that have studied fluorosilicic acid or sodium fluorosilicate toxicity, but several articles have focused on the effects of sodium fluoride. Sodium fluoride exposure in animals has been linked to cognitive, behavioral, and memory disruption [ 34 ] ( Table S1 : Sources related to developmental fluoride neurotoxicity). Based on their current stage of central nervous system development, the overall consequences of fluoride exposure varied in rats/mice with more severe neurotoxic effects being observed among still-developing rats and mice compared to their adult counterparts [ 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While several meta-analyses have been conducted regarding the impact of fluoride on cognition, no reviews address mental health outcomes or the potential mitochondrial implications that could represent a mechanism for fluoride neurotoxicity. We briefly summarize the conclusions from prior reviews by Grandjean, Choi, and Green [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 33 ] and expand the review by including one additional animal study [ 34 ] and four additional human studies [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. These studies present a variety of findings, some of which are inconsistent with one another and with previously published literature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies present a variety of findings, some of which are inconsistent with one another and with previously published literature. A 2019 study of Wistar rats affirmed that fluoride may pass from the mother to the fetus, resulting in memory impairment [ 34 ]. In humans, recent research has highlighted associations between fluoride exposure and a reduced intelligence quotient (IQ) [ 36 , 37 ] and increased somatization behaviors [ 38 ], particularly in males.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of Fluoride Neurotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction on Cognition and Mental Health: A Literature Review

Adkins

Brunst

2021

IJERPH

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This review focuses on the synthesis of current experimental and observational data regarding the effect of fluoride exposure on childhood mental health and the role of mitochondrial function as a mechanism of action. We aggregated data on the relationships between fluoride neurotoxicity, mitochondrial function, and cognitive and mental health using PubMed. Current animal and human research suggest that prenatal and perinatal fluoride exposure might have neurotoxic effects. These studies observed physical changes (fur loss and delayed reflex development in animals), intelligence loss, increased hyperactivity, and irregular moods associated with fluoride exposure. Two gaps in the literature were identified: (1) there is limited research on the mental and emotional impacts of fluoride exposure compared to research on cognitive outcomes, and (2) human studies primarily focus on prenatal and perinatal exposure, with little research conducted at other time points (e.g., adolescence). Furthermore, there is no agreed-upon mechanism for the neurotoxic effects of fluoride; however, fluoride can induce mitochondrial damage, including decreasing circulating mitochondrial DNA content, dysregulating biogenesis, and circular structure loss. Additionally, many neurodevelopmental conditions have mitochondrial underpinnings. More work is needed to elucidate the impact and timing of fluoride exposure on mental health and the role of mitochondrial function as a biological mechanism

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Choline alleviated perinatal fluoride exposure‐induced learning and memory impairment through α4β2 nAChRs and α7 nAChRs in offspring mice

Zhao

Wang

2022

Environmental Toxicology

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Fluoride pollution is widely present in the living environment. As a critical period of brain development, the perinatal period is extremely vulnerable to fluoride. Studies have found that choline can protect the brain's memory and enhance the ability to focus. However, the effect of choline on perinatal fluoride-induced nerve damage remains unclear. Therefore, 32 Kunming newly conceived female mice and their offspring mice were randomly divided into control, NaF, LC + NaF, and HC + NaF groups, and the HE staining, Y-maze test, RT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, etc. were used in this study. The results showed that fluoride decreased the brain organ coefficients and brain protein content (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), and caused histomorphological damage in the hippocampus and cortex, which suggested that fluoride affected the development of the brain and damaged the brain. Moreover, the results of the Y-maze test showed that fluoride increased the number of learning days, error reaction time, and total reaction time, and decreased the AchE activity in the brain (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), which indicated that fluoride reduced the learning and memory ability of the mice. Besides, the results showed that fluoride decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of α4β2 nAChRs and α7 nAChRs in the hippocampus and cortex (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). However, perinatal choline supplementation reversed the aforementioned fluoride-induced changes. In short, these results demonstrated that choline alleviated perinatal fluoride-induced learning and memory impairment, which will provide a rationale for the mitigation and prevention of fluoride-induced brain damage.

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Effects of Perinatal Fluoride Exposure on Short- and Long-Term Memory, Brain Antioxidant Status, and Glutamate Metabolism of Young Rat Pups

Cited by 19 publications

References 63 publications

Neurobehavioral and neurochemical effects in rats offspring co-exposed to arsenic and fluoride during development

Neurobehavioral and neurochemical effects in rats offspring co-exposed to arsenic and fluoride during development

Impacts of Fluoride Neurotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction on Cognition and Mental Health: A Literature Review

Choline alleviated perinatal fluoride exposure‐induced learning and memory impairment through α4β2 nAChRs and α7 nAChRs in offspring mice

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