Effects of periodontitis and periodontal treatment on systemic inflammatory markers and metabolic profile in obese and non‐obese rats

Abstract

Background Little is known about a synergistic effect of periodontitis and obesity on systemic biomarkers and a possible effect periodontal treatment may exert. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of periodontitis and periodontal treatment on systemic inflammation and metabolic profile in obese and non‐obese rats. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided in six groups differentiated by diet and periodontal status: no periodontitis (G1 and G4), untreated ligature‐induced periodontitis (G2 and G5), and treated ligature‐induced periodontitis (G3 and G6). Groups G4, G5, and G6 were exposed to cafeteria diet to induce obesity. Periodontitis was induced by silk ligatures over 4 weeks (G2, G3, G5, and G6). Rats in G3 and G6 received scaling and root planing and were followed for additional 4 weeks. After sacrifice, serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17a, tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF‐α), glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol (TC) were compared between groups. Results CRP was significantly higher in obese rats with than without periodontitis (G5 = 10.15 versus G4 = 4.47 μg/L, P = 0.01). No beneficial effects of periodontal treatment were observed for CRP levels, IL‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐17a, and TNF‐α, glucose and triglycerides. Treated periodontitis (G6) exhibited significantly lower TC than the periodontitis group (G5) in obese rats. Conclusion Periodontitis increased serum CRP in obese rats, indicating a synergistic role of periodontitis in the systemic inflammatory burden triggered by obesity. The treatment of induced periodontitis reduced TC levels in obese rats.

Aerobic exercise 3 times per week in adult rats did not influence the progression of periodontal disease

“…The induction of periodontal disease using ligature is widely reported in the literature ( 20 , 29 , 30 ) due to its resemblance to chronic periodontitis in humans, as alveolar bone resorption depends on oral bacterial load and the gingival tissue becomes infiltrated with inflammatory cells. This model is considered suitable for analyzing gingival tissue inflammation with changes related to systemic diseases.…”

“…The limitations of this study regarding the analysis of this inflammatory marker (IL-1β) are related to the inability to compare it with other studies where the analysis was conducted in buccal tissue rather than blood, using the same detection range ( 38 ). Systemic detection may demonstrate lower accuracy for detection, as well as a lower presence of significant differences in the samples ( 29 ). Conversely, determining local cytokine levels in terms of measuring the local inflammatory condition may provide more reliable results ( 39 ).…”

Erythropoietin Activates Autophagy to Regulate Apoptosis and Angiogenesis of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via the Akt/ERK1/2/BAD Signaling Pathway under Inflammatory Microenvironment

“…To defend harmful LPS originated from bacteria, TNF-α is excessively expressed in the process of periodontitis, which degrades periodontal tissue and fastens cell apoptosis [36,37]. TNF-α is the core inflammatory cytokine during periodontitis, which is suitable for establishment of inflammatory microenvironment [38][39][40]. Biological behaviors of PDLSCs were always undermined under such inflammatory microenvironment [41][42][43][44].…”

Bacterial growth stage determines the yields, protein composition, and periodontal pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles

“…After three-day acclimatization, to inhibit endogenous bacteria that are not conducive to the colonization and growth of P. gingivalis, another five -day antibiotic treatment (amikacin sulfate 3mg/ml, Solarbio, Beijing, China) were given through drinking water, and the antibiotic solution was applied to the oral cavity of the rats. Ligation-induced periodontitis was constructed as previously described (Park et al, 2017;Pereira et al, 2022). Briefly, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and their oral cavity was disinfected (75% ethanol), and a 2-0 ligation wire was ligated around the right upper first molar.…”