Effects of perioperative intravenous lidocaine and esketamine on the quality of recovery and emotional state of patients after thyroidectomy: A randomised, double-blind, controlled trial

Abstract

Background and Aims: Perioperative intravenous (IV) infusions of lidocaine and esketamine reduce postoperative pain, but there are few studies on the quality of recovery and patients’ emotional states postoperatively. We aimed to explore the effects of perioperative IV lidocaine and esketamine on the quality of recovery and emotional state after thyroidectomy. Methods: In this randomised trial, 137 patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to three groups: a lidocaine group (Group L), an esketamine group (Group E) and a normal saline placebo group (Group C). The primary outcome was the Quality of Recovery 40 (QoR-40) on postoperative days (PODs) 1 and 2. The secondary outcomes included Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores on days 1 and 2 after surgery, pain scores, opioid consumption and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests. Results: The global QoR-40 scores in groups L and E on POD 1 and POD 2 were significantly higher than in group C (P < 0.001). The SAS and SDS scores on POD 1 and POD 2 in groups L and E were significantly lower than in group C (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores among the three groups at 1 h, 2 h, 6 h and 12 h (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Perioperative IV lidocaine and esketamine improve the quality of postoperative recovery and the emotional state of patients undergoing thyroidectomy.