Effects of periurethral neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the voiding frequency in rats

Abstract

Injection of K/X/A may potentially be used as a model of bladder overactivity. NMES inhibits bladder contractions in rats with bladder overactivity, which supports the existence of a urethra-to-bladder inhibitory pathway.

Effects of acute selective pudendal nerve electrical stimulation after simulated childbirth injury

“…In this study, although some sham-injured rats had nonvoiding contractions, the frequency of these nonvoiding contractions was significantly lower than that observed after injury. The contributing factors may include anesthesia, transurethral filling cystometry, and pudendal nerve exposure (7,59). Clinically, nonvoiding contractions may present idiopathically, as is the case in many instances of overactive bladder in young nulliparous women (53).…”

Animal Models of Stress Urinary Incontinence

“…However, ketamine affects activity of the sympathetic nervous system both indirectly, via inhibition of neuronal uptake of catecholamine, and directly by alpha-2 receptor agonism (Aroni et al 2009), which may affect bladder and urethral function. As a result, use of ketamine and xylazine as an anesthetic has been shown to induce bladder overactivity in rats (Zhang et al 2010; Cannon and Damaser 2001). However, the effects on urethral resistance have not been determined.…”