Effects of Personal Exposures to Micro- and Nano-Particulate Matter, Black Carbon, Particle-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Carbon Monoxide on Heart Rate Variability in a Panel of Healthy Older Subjects

Tang, Chin-Sheng; Chuang, Kai Jen; Chang, Ta Yuan; Chuang, Hsiao Chi; Chen, Li Hsin; Lung, Shih-Chun Candice; Chang, Li-Te

doi:10.3390/ijerph16234672

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Although the lung is the main receptor of air contaminants, air pollution is significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [ 17 , 18 ]. In particular, exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has been correlated with increased arrhythmia incidents, carotid intima-media thickness, which is a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, with the progression of inflammation and hypertension [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], as well as with reduced heart rate variability (HRV) [ 22 ] with particles with diameter <0.3 μm being the most crucial PM fraction to the reduction of the cardiac autonomic function [ 23 ]. Moreover, a 10–30% increase of the death risk from ischemic heart disease per 10 μg m −3 increase of PM 2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) has been estimated [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart Failure and PAHs, OHPAHs, and Trace Elements Levels in Human Serum: Results from a Preliminary Pilot Study in Greek Population and the Possible Impact of Air Pollution

et al. 2021

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been associated with environmental pollutants. The scope of this study is to assess any potential relation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their hydroxylated derivatives, and trace elements with heart failure via their direct determination in human serum of Greek citizens residing in different areas. Therefore, we analyzed 131 samples including cases (heart failure patients) and controls (healthy donors), and the respective demographic data were collected. Significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.05) were observed in cases’ serum regarding most of the examined PAHs and their derivatives with phenanthrene, fluorene, and fluoranthene being the most abundant (median of >50 μg L−1). Among the examined trace elements, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Pb were measured at statistically higher concentrations (p < 0.05) in cases’ samples, with only Cr being significantly higher in controls. The potential impact of environmental factors such as smoking and area of residence has been evaluated. Specific PAHs and trace elements could be possibly related with heart failure development. Atmospheric degradation and smoking habit appeared to have a significant impact on the analytes’ serum concentrations. PCA–logistic regression analysis could possibly reveal common mechanisms among the analytes enhancing the hypothesis that they may pose a significant risk for CVD development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart Failure and PAHs, OHPAHs, and Trace Elements Levels in Human Serum: Results from a Preliminary Pilot Study in Greek Population and the Possible Impact of Air Pollution

et al. 2021

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“…These results are consistent with the studies showing a decline in the levels of LF/HF with exposure to acute CO concentrations [ 23 ]. In a previous study, Tang et al (2019) showed that, while an increase in the concentrations of dust contributes to increased levels of LF/HF, an increase in CO levels caused a decrease in the levels of LF/HF [ 24 ]. In a review of the association between low CO concentrations and HRV by Tirosh and Schnell [ 4 ], only two studies which employed different methodologies and different CO concentration ranges deviated from this trend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between City Size and Carbon Monoxide (CO) Concentration and Their Effect on Heart Rate Variability (HRV)

Saadi

Tirosh

Schnell

2021

IJERPH

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Generally, larger cities are characterized by traffic congestion, which is associated with higher concentrations of pollution, including Carbon Monoxide (CO) pollution. However, this convention requires empirical support on the basis of accurate and reliable measurements. In addition, the assessment of the effect of CO on the autonomic nervous system (ANS), as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), has yielded conflicting results. A majority of the (few) studies on the topic have shown that increases in CO concentration of up to about 10 parts per million (ppm) are associated with a decrease in stress and risk to health in subjects. Beyond the hypothesis postulating city size as a determinant of increased CO concentration, the hypothesis proposing a causal link between CO concentration and HRV balance also requires empirical support. This article compares CO concentrations in a large metropolis with those in a small town, analyzing the relationship between CO and the HRV responses of young women in terms of city size. Four different types of environments were compared, taking into account mediating variables. The study participants spent 35 min in selected environments (a city center, a residential environment, a park, and a home) wearing Polar devices to measure HRV, and portable devices to measure noise thermal load and CO. The average concentrations of CO in each environment were calculated, along with the time distribution of the CO concentration, and the regression slopes between the concentrations of CO and the ANS balance, as measured by the low frequency power/high frequency power ratio (LF/HF) expressed as an HRV index. The results show that, regardless of size, the cities measured were all characterized by low levels of CO, far below the maximal accepted threshold standards, and that urban residents were exposed to these concentrations for less than half of the daytime hours. Furthermore, in contrast to the common view, larger cities do not necessarily accumulate higher concentrations of CO compared to small cities, regardless of the level of transport congestion. This study confirms the findings of the majority of the other studies on the subject, which showed a decrease in stress (as measured by HRV) as a result of an increase in CO concentrations below 7 ppm. Finally, following the assessment of the differential contribution attributed to the different environmental factors, it appears that noise, thermal load, and congestion all contribute more to a higher level of HRV balance than CO. This finding highlights the importance of a multivariable approach to the study, and a remediation of the effect of environmental factors on stress in urban environments.

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“…They act as cloud condensation nuclei, and some of them (e.g., BC) may even have a warming impact [ 5 ]. Furthermore, aerosols diminish visibility, have a significant impact on air quality, and can have negative consequences on human health, as stated by Becerril-Valle et al [ 5 ] and Nordeide Kuiper et al [ 6 ], especially for exposed elderly individuals [ 7 ], children [ 4 ], newborns, and fetuses during pregnancy [ 8 ]. Reducing particulate matter (PM) on sites where PM concentrations and population density are priorities can provide new insights on this topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, studies have measured traffic-related air pollution and its sources [ 14 , 41 ], including BC, and investigated health impacts (i.e., Becerril-Valle et al [ 5 ]), differences in the impacts on population segments [ 4 , 7 ], transportation modes, and influential factors, such as fires, winter heating, season, or daytime [ 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Recent studies also investigated BC distribution in cities, in regards to barriers, green belts, and traffic density [ 6 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic Density-Related Black Carbon Distribution: Impact of Wind in a Basin Town

Jereb

Gajšek

Šipek

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Black carbon is one of the riskiest particle matter pollutants that is harmful to human health. Although it has been increasingly investigated, factors that depend on black carbon distribution and concentration are still insufficiently researched. Variables, such as traffic density, wind speeds, and ground levels can lead to substantial variations of black carbon concentrations and potential exposure, which is even riskier for people living in less-airy sites. Therefore, this paper “fills the gaps” by studying black carbon distribution variations, concentrations, and oscillations, with special emphasis on traffic density and road segments, at multiple locations, in a small city located in a basin, with frequent temperature inversions and infrequent low wind speeds. As wind speed has a significant impact on black carbon concentration trends, it is critical to present how low wind speeds influence black carbon dispersion in a basin city, and how black carbon is dependent on traffic density. Our results revealed that when the wind reached speeds of 1 ms−1, black carbon concentrations actually increased. In lengthy wind periods, when wind speeds reached 2 or 3 ms−1, black carbon concentrations decreased during rush hour and in the time of severe winter biomass burning. By observing the results, it could be concluded that black carbon persists longer in higher altitudes than near ground level. Black carbon concentration oscillations were also seen as more pronounced on main roads with higher traffic density. The more the traffic decreases and becomes steady, the more black carbon concentrations oscillate.

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Effects of Personal Exposures to Micro- and Nano-Particulate Matter, Black Carbon, Particle-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Carbon Monoxide on Heart Rate Variability in a Panel of Healthy Older Subjects

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

Heart Failure and PAHs, OHPAHs, and Trace Elements Levels in Human Serum: Results from a Preliminary Pilot Study in Greek Population and the Possible Impact of Air Pollution

Heart Failure and PAHs, OHPAHs, and Trace Elements Levels in Human Serum: Results from a Preliminary Pilot Study in Greek Population and the Possible Impact of Air Pollution

The Relationship between City Size and Carbon Monoxide (CO) Concentration and Their Effect on Heart Rate Variability (HRV)

Traffic Density-Related Black Carbon Distribution: Impact of Wind in a Basin Town

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