Effects of Pesticides on Environment

Mahmood, Isra; Imadi, Sameen Ruqia; Shazadi, Kanwal; Gul, Alvina; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27455-3_13

Cited by 551 publications

(356 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Hingga saat ini upaya yang sering dilakukan petani dalam mengendalikan hama adalah dengan cara kimiawi, yaitu dengan menggunakan pestisida sintetik. Dampak penggunaan pestisida sintetik oleh petani dapat mencemari lingkungan sekitarnya, merusak keanekaragaman hayati, dan organisme non target (Mahmood et al, 2016). Sebagai alternatif, saat ini mulai dikembangkan penggunaan bahan tumbuhan untuk dijadikan insektisida nabati.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Bioactivity of Crude Extract of Cashew Nut Shell (Anacardium occidentale L.) against Cabbage Head Caterpillar (Crocidolomia pavonana F.)

Dewi¹,

Dono²,

Hartati³

2019

CROPSAVER

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The crude extract of Anacardium occidentale was reported to have insektisidal activity against Cricula trifenestrata (Lepidoptera). Althought, the extract has not been tested against Crocidolomia pavonana (Lepidoptera). A research was carried out to test the effect of cashew nut shell extract on larvae and fecundity of adult female of C. pavonana. Toxicity of the extract tested by using feeding method to the larvae. The experiment arranged in the complete randomized design (CRD), consisted of 7 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments were the concentration of the extract i.e. 0.8%, 0.6%, 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.05%. The same treatment methode was used to test the fecundity of C. pavonana female that developed from larval treated extract at concentrations of 0.16 % (LC30), 0.30 % (LC50), 0.45 % (LC70), and control. The results of the experiment showed that the extract of A. occidentale was toxic to larvae of C. pavonana with LC 50 values of 0.30 % at six days after application. The extract of A. occidentale have an antifeedant effect and lengthened the development time of the larvae. The concentration range 0.16 %-0.45 % reduced the weight of pupa, lengthened emergence time of adult, slowed down the first oviposition, reduced the egg production, shortened the life span of adult female and male, shortened the periode of oviposition of adult female, and decreased the fertility.

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Bioactivity of Crude Extract of Cashew Nut Shell (Anacardium occidentale L.) against Cabbage Head Caterpillar (Crocidolomia pavonana F.)

Dewi¹,

Dono²,

Hartati³

2019

CROPSAVER

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“…In agricultural practices, applying synthetic herbicides to control weeds has long been an established and effective approach (Tanveer et al, ; Varshney, Hayat, Alyemeni, & Ahmad, ). However, the extensive and uneven use of synthetic herbicides has prompt to serious human health problems, environmental pollution, destruction of biodiversity and also the development of herbicide‐resistant weeds (Mahmood, Imadi, Shazadi, Gul, & Hakeem, ; Starling et al, ). Moreover, the residual effect of synthetic herbicides has also been found in human breast milk, which results in prenatal exposure and affects child health (Pirsaheb, Limoee, Namdari, & Khamutian, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and identification of two phytotoxic compounds from the medicinal plant Cassia alata L.

Das

Iwasaki

Suenaga

et al. 2020

Weed Biology and Management

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Cassia alata (Caesalpiniaceae), an ornamental shrub, has many biological properties such as antifungal and antibacterial activities. Several bioactive and phytotoxic compounds have already been isolated from C. alata. Phytotoxic substances from plants have drawn attention as an alternative biological approach to control weeds. Thus, we conducted this research to explore other phytotoxic compounds in C. alata leaves. Aqueous methanol extracts of C. alata leaves strongly inhibited the seedling growth of broccoli, cabbage, cress, radish and rapeseed, in which the level of inhibition correlated with concentration. Two active compounds were isolated through chromatographies and identified using spectral data as (S)‐4‐(3‐hydroxybutyl)phenol [(+)‐rhododendrol] and (E)‐4‐((1R,4R)‐4‐hydroxy‐2,6,6‐trimethylcyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐yl)but‐3‐en‐2‐one [3‐hydroxy‐α‐ionone]. These two active compounds inhibited the growth of cress seedlings in a concentration‐dependent manner. The required concentrations for 50% growth inhibition (I50 value) of cress seedlings were 192.0–296.1 μM for (+)‐rhododendrol and 132.4–195.3 μM for 3‐hydroxy‐α‐ionone. These results indicate that the two phytotoxic compounds play a part in the phytotoxic activity of C. alata leaves.

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“…Early detection of exotic plant pests improves the likelihood of their successful eradication . This is the most effective way to protect the economic returns of plant‐based industries and plants of conservation value, as well as avoid the monetary, environmental and social consequences of long‐term pest management. Heightened surveillance systems aim to achieve early detection for priority pests .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natal origin of the invasive biosecurity pest, brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys: Penatomidae), determined by dual‐element stable isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry

Holder

Hale

Frew

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Post‐border detection of a single brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) in New Zealand warranted a biosecurity response, the nature of which would be influenced by its status as part of an established population or as a new arrival. Stable isotope analysis has the potential to determine natal origins, but is difficult to achieve for samples as small as a single insect. Here an analytical modification to measure small samples was successfully trialled as a means to supply evidence as to the local or exotic natal origin of the intercepted BMSB specimen. RESULTS Sufficient analytical sensitivity was achieved using a modified isotope ratio mass spectrometry method, involving thermolysis and carbon monoxide cryofocusing, to enable the simultaneous analysis of δ2H and δ18O from wings of the post‐border BMSB sample. The values were much lower than those of the New Zealand green vegetable bug, used as a local reference. However, they fell within the range of those for BMSB of Northern Hemisphere origin intercepted at the New Zealand border over the same time period, specifically overlapping with the USA and Italy, but not China. CONCLUSION The isotope signature of the post‐border detected BMSB suggested a significantly cooler climate than the North Island of New Zealand, indicating that it was a new arrival and did not represent an established population. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Effects of Pesticides on Environment

Cited by 551 publications

References 32 publications

Bioactivity of Crude Extract of Cashew Nut Shell (Anacardium occidentale L.) against Cabbage Head Caterpillar (Crocidolomia pavonana F.)

Bioactivity of Crude Extract of Cashew Nut Shell (Anacardium occidentale L.) against Cabbage Head Caterpillar (Crocidolomia pavonana F.)

Isolation and identification of two phytotoxic compounds from the medicinal plant Cassia alata L.

Natal origin of the invasive biosecurity pest, brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys: Penatomidae), determined by dual‐element stable isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry

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