Effects of pH and the Nature of the Primary Species in the Radiolysis of Aqueous Solutions

Allan, Jesse T. S.; Scholes, G.

doi:10.1038/187218a0

Cited by 61 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…One can see a significant decrease in the intensity over the whole trace in comparison to a pure GO dispersion. This behaviour demonstrates that solvated electrons, produced in water after ultraviolet excitation, are rapidly quenched in the presence of acetone 37 . As acetone and GO are both present in the solution, a competition takes place for the capture of solvated electrons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Revealing the ultrafast process behind the photoreduction of graphene oxide

et al. 2013

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Effective techniques to reduce graphene oxide are in demand owing to the multitude of potential applications of this two-dimensional material. A very promising green method to do so is by exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. Unfortunately, the dynamics behind this reduction remain unclear. Here we perform a series of transient absorption experiments in an effort to develop and understand this process on a fundamental level. An ultrafast photoinduced chain reaction is observed to be responsible for the graphene oxide reduction. The reaction is initiated using a femtosecond ultraviolet pulse that photoionizes the solvent, liberating solvated electrons, which trigger the reduction. The present study reaches the fundamental time scale of the ultraviolet photoreduction in solution, which is revealed to be in the picosecond regime.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Revealing the ultrafast process behind the photoreduction of graphene oxide

et al. 2013

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“…This was recently decisively proved in a series of researches providing, firstly, evidence for the reactions of solvated electrons in irradiated solutions [5], and recently, by obtaining the absorption spectrum, evidence for the existence of solvated electrons as transients in irradiated systems [6]. The primary yield of H atoms was found to be much less than that of electrons [5]. These findings are of special interest for radiation biology, and many of the views expressed on the mechanism of the action of ionizing radiations on biological systems will have to be revised in view ofthe role ofsolvated electrons and ionic processes.…”

Section: The Role Of Watermentioning

confidence: 89%

“…At the same time the positive water ion will rapidly react with neighbouring water molecules, so that the reactive intermediates will be mainly the products of the processes; II Thus, in aqueous solutions, electron capture processes and ionic reactions may playa role. This was recently decisively proved in a series of researches providing, firstly, evidence for the reactions of solvated electrons in irradiated solutions [5], and recently, by obtaining the absorption spectrum, evidence for the existence of solvated electrons as transients in irradiated systems [6]. The primary yield of H atoms was found to be much less than that of electrons [5].…”

Section: The Role Of Watermentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Using such substances [5] it could be shown that solvated electrons may reduce suitable acceptors, for example organic substances such as acetone, or inorganic ones such as ferric ions, e.g. in the form of ferricyanide ions.…”

Section: The Reactions Of H Atoms and Electronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reaction III is therefore exoergic; it proceeds rapidly. By utilizing the oxidizing action of H atoms in such systems, as well as inorganic ones, e.g.,' iodide and ferrous ion, which are also oxidized by H atoms [7] one may distinguish: between electrons and H atoms [5]. It was found that the primary products,' solvated electrons, may easily be converted to H atoms by reacting H~ions, according to: IV Therefore, in acid solution, where reaction IV is fast, hydrogen atoms will predominate.…”

Section: The Reactions Of H Atoms and Electronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Chemical Basis of the Biological Actions of Ionizing Radiations

Stein

1963

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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Water, present in irradiated biological systems may modify the radiation effects, compared, with dry solids, both in direct and in indirect action. The possible role of solvated electrons in such reactions are discussed. Model systems are described in which, without the assumption of energy transfer, theaction of ionizing radiations is concentrated on suitable acceptors present in low concentration (e.g. 10-'s M ferricyanide or cytochrome C) in the presence of up to 20% gel-forming protein, e.g, gelatine. Oxygen effects are described.Chemical changes are responsible for the observed biological effects of ionizing radiations. An understanding of the basic chemical effects of radiations on the component parts of a biological system may lead to an understanding of radiation biology. Biological systems are usually much more complex than the relatively simple chemical .model systems which have been studied in detail. Confusion, rather than better understanding, may result from the application of too simple explanations derived from radiation chemistry. Indeed, it is very likely that depending on the particular specific biological action studied, different chemical mechanisms may operate at different total doses and in different target areas of the living body.Because of this more complicated situation, the exact mechanism of the biological action of ionizing radiations in specific cases is not yet well understood. On the other hand, advances in the last few years in our understanding of radiation chemsitry have led to the establishment of what appears to be clear-cut mechanisms in a number of systems, and aqueous systems in particular. If applied with sufficient caution these advances in radiation chemistry may assist in understanding radiation biology. 'In the following, some of these advances, particularly in the radiation chemistry of aqueous systems will be surveyed. Biological systems are aqueous systems. Different kinds of aqueous systems: .dilute solutions, concentrated solutions,

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Bildungsreaktionen und Eigenschaften solvatisierter Elektronen

Schindewolf

1968

Angewandte Chemie

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Effects of pH and the Nature of the Primary Species in the Radiolysis of Aqueous Solutions

Cited by 61 publications

References 10 publications

Revealing the ultrafast process behind the photoreduction of graphene oxide

Revealing the ultrafast process behind the photoreduction of graphene oxide

On the Chemical Basis of the Biological Actions of Ionizing Radiations

Bildungsreaktionen und Eigenschaften solvatisierter Elektronen

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