Effects of pH, ionic strength, and applied voltage on migration of dental monomers in an organic matrix

Colonna, Martino; Breschi, Marco; Mazzoni, Annalisa; Nato, Fernando; Ruggeri, Alessandra; Nucci, Cesare; Tay, Franklin R.; Pashley, David H.; Breschi, Lorenzo

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2011.08.399

Cited by 2 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The results of a previous study on electrical migration of DBS monomers in the presence of an electric field, showed that the migration properties depend on the buffer pH, ionic strength and applied electric field [12]. Two main factors involved in migration have been observed changing these parameters, namely a migration towards the anode due to electrophoretic migration or towards the cathode due to the EEO effect [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially iontophoresis was suggested to increase monomer impregnation, favoring the substitution of water by adhesive monomers [8-11]. However a recent study revealed that DBS monomer migration within an electric field can be affected by several parameters related either to the dentin substrate (buffer pH and ionic strength), or to the electric field (applied voltage), strongly affecting the prevalence of electromigration forces or electroendoosmotic flux (EEO) within the matrix [12]. Electromigration causes the migration of the negatively charged molecules toward the anode and the concurrent migration of mobile cations to the cathode (negative electrode) [13,14], thus determining monomers migration due to the pH-dependent ionization of molecules of weak acids [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However a recent study revealed that DBS monomer migration within an electric field can be affected by several parameters related either to the dentin substrate (buffer pH and ionic strength), or to the electric field (applied voltage), strongly affecting the prevalence of electromigration forces or electroendoosmotic flux (EEO) within the matrix [12]. Electromigration causes the migration of the negatively charged molecules toward the anode and the concurrent migration of mobile cations to the cathode (negative electrode) [13,14], thus determining monomers migration due to the pH-dependent ionization of molecules of weak acids [12]. The second effect, EEO, which is the water movement within organic matrices during electrophoresis as a result of the fixed negative charges and electromigration of positive counterions on the matrix, causes the migration of water and all dissolved substances towards the cathode, irrespective of charge [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second effect, EEO, which is the water movement within organic matrices during electrophoresis as a result of the fixed negative charges and electromigration of positive counterions on the matrix, causes the migration of water and all dissolved substances towards the cathode, irrespective of charge [15,16]. If electromigration is higher than EEO monomers migrate toward the anode, while if electromigration is lower than EEO monomers migrate toward the cathode [12]. Thus monomer migration toward the anode or cathode can be achieved as desired by selective choice of pH and ionic strength of the substrate and the applied electric field [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If electromigration is higher than EEO monomers migrate toward the anode, while if electromigration is lower than EEO monomers migrate toward the cathode [12]. Thus monomer migration toward the anode or cathode can be achieved as desired by selective choice of pH and ionic strength of the substrate and the applied electric field [12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical properties of resin monomers used in restorative dentistry

et al. 2012

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Objectives The application of an electric field has been shown to positively influence the impregnation of the resin monomers currently used in dentin bonding systems during hybrid layer formation. This study presents an experimental characterization of the electrical properties of these monomers with the aim of both correlating them to their chemical structures and seeking an insight into the mechanisms of the monomer migration under an applied electric field. Methods Some common monomers examined were TEGDMA (triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate), HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), UDMA (urethane dimethacrylate), 2-MP (bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate, TCDM di(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) ester of 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofurfuryl)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexenyl-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride) and Bis-GMA [2,2-bis(4-2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxyphenyl)propane]. A customized cell produced for the measurement of the electrical properties of monomers was manufactured and electrical conductivity and permittivity of resin monomers were measured. Results The permittivity of the tested monomers is largely affected by electrical frequency. The large values of permittivity and dielectric losses observed as frequency decreased, indicate a dominant effect of ionic polarization, particularly evident in materials showing the highest conductivity. Permittivity and conductivity of the tested monomers showed a similar behavior, i.e. materials with the lowest permittivity also show small values of conductivity and vice versa. Significance The results of the present study revealed a good correlation between electrical properties and Hoy solubility parameters and, in particular, the higher the polar contribution (polar forces plus hydrogen bonding) the higher the permittivity and conductivity. The most relevant outcome of this study is that the electrophoretic mechanism prevails on the electroendoosmotic effect in determining the monomer migration under the application of electric fields.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical properties of resin monomers used in restorative dentistry

et al. 2012

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Optimization of direct currents to enhance dentine bonding of simplified one‐step adhesive

Chen

Yang

et al. 2014

European J Oral Sciences

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different direct current intensities on dentine bonding effectiveness of Clearfil S(3) Bond and on cell viability of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). Thirty-five-third molars were sectioned and ground to provide flat surfaces. Clearfil S(3) Bond was applied under different current conditions for 30 s and then resin composite was built up. Specimens were processed for microtensile bond strength (µTBS) testing and for nanoleakage investigation using scanning electron microscopy. Primary HDPCs isolated from premolars were stimulated with different intensities of electric current for 30 s. Then, cell viability was tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Specimens bonded with application of electrical current intensities of 50, 60, 70, and 90 µA exhibited a significant increase in immediate µTBS compared with all other groups. Bonded interfaces prepared using electrically assisted current application showed reduced interfacial nanoleakage upon scanning electron microscopy. Electric current application, from 20 to 70 µA, had no effect on the viability of HDPCs. This study provides further evidence for its future clinical use.

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Effects of pH, ionic strength, and applied voltage on migration of dental monomers in an organic matrix

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Electrical properties of resin monomers used in restorative dentistry

Electrical properties of resin monomers used in restorative dentistry

Optimization of direct currents to enhance dentine bonding of simplified one‐step adhesive

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